基于人误系统复合状态(MSHES)的人误防范理论研究

评析国内外以第一代人因可靠性分析(静态)、第二代人因可靠性分析(动态)为主体形成的人误防范理论和方法;针对目前不能量化人的生理、认知、心理等相关非结构性和非确定性参数和数据的"瓶颈",建立基于人-机-环系统业务流程的人误系统复合状态(Multiplex State ofHumanErrors System,MSHES)结构模型;探求运用粗糙集数据挖掘,对资深专业人员的经验规则信息、人因事故或事件分析的信息,挖掘人因层次结构中的根因与人误层次结构中的差错之间的关联关系,构建基于规则的人误防范专家系统结构模型;探究人的风险性评估和人误防范理论。     

基于蝴蝶型突变理论的安全生产保障系统分析和探讨

利用突变理论探讨事故致因模型,揭示事故致因的基本要素及其内在联系,对构成的要素进行抽象化,将对众多复杂企业的不安全因素进一步归纳为"人-机-环境-管理"安全生产保障系统,分析建立该系统的必要性,在突变理论的蝴蝶型与该系统结合性的基础上,探讨和建立安全决策和安全对策模型,将企业的安全生产危险程度分为理想的安全区域、危险区域、相对的安全区域。提出了危险程度和安全状况改进的数学模型,蝴蝶型突变理论能够揭示企业的安全状况。     

时间限定条件下突发事故资源调度方案

面对数量较多需要及时处理的突发事故,为了满足最短应急时间限制,最低应急资源数和最少的出救点等目标,在事故应急方案选择时给出一个反映决策者对时间和费用偏好的折中方案十分必要.从实际应用出发,运用模糊优化方法研究时间与资源限制条件下的多出救点组合模型求解问题.给出了限制期条件下,应急时间最短的资源调度方法以及限制期条件下出救点数目最少的应急模型,从理论上证明了模型求解方法的正确性.在给定限制期条件下,救援网络中最优路线的求解,即通过分析得出超时风险最小的出救路径,并求出了应急路径的可信度.通过算例说明该计算方法的具体应用,为突发事故处理资源调度的智能化提供参考.     

基于实测的燃煤电厂汞排放特性分析与研究

选取我国6个有代表性的燃煤电厂进行现场实测,依据现场监测的汞排放浓度数据计算得出每个燃煤电厂汞的脱除率和汞平均排放因子,从而得出这6个燃煤电厂汞排放特性,为将来我国汞排放控制提供支持和依据.6个燃煤电厂的汞排放浓度为4.72～14.54μg/m3,汞脱除效率为20.89%～70.63%,汞排放因子为14.09～56.0...     

MTT法测定大肠杆菌活菌数实验研究

实验分析MTT比色法中的工作波长、反应时间、MTT用量、菌龄、二甲基亚砜（DMSO）等因素对大肠杆菌活细菌计数的影响.同时,通过与平板计数对比,确定了MTT细菌计数的可行性.结果表明,当细菌数在107～109cell·mL-1范围内时,双波长MTT法可用于检测大肠杆菌的活菌数量,最佳反应时间为60min,MTT溶液用量...     

天然气-汽油双燃料车实际道路排放特性研究

为研究使用天然气对轻型汽车排放的影响,利用便携式排放测试系统（PEMS）,对25辆压缩天然气-汽油双燃料出租车在实际道路上分别使用汽油和天然气时的CO2、CO、NOx和THC排放进行了对比测试.研究结果表明：实际道路上,原装车使用天然气相比汽油时,CO2、CO的排放平均分别降低22%和24%,NOx和THC的排放平均分...     

CSR codes and the principal-agent problem in supply chains: four case studies

The benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect the entire supply chains a firm participates in. However, not every firm is in a position to force the implementation of CSR in its supply chains as some, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), lack the necessary power. Chain directors can implement it acting as a principal, whereas the other chain members can act as agents.In the principal-agent framework, two main problems occur due to information asymmetry: adverse selection and moral hazard. This paper examines how a code of conduct (i.e. Social Accountability 8000) can help address the principal-agent problem, for SMEs, between chain directors and partners. The research method involves four case studies on CSR practices as implemented by Italian and Dutch SMEs within their supply chains.     

A rough set-based quality function deployment (QFD) approach for environmental performance evaluation: a case of offshore oil and gas operations

Activities in offshore oil and gas (OOG) that cause environmental impacts can be systematically managed through an environmental management system (EMS). Environmental performance evaluation (EPE) is an essential part of an EMS. However, previous studies on EPE indicate that existing lists of indicators little insight into how indicators are modified to more accurately assess environmental performance.In this paper, a way is proposed to identify and define specific environmental performance indicators on a case-by-case basis, which consists of five steps: (1) describing environmental requirements; (2) determining favourable outcomes corresponding to the requirements; (3) identifying required activities or issues to achieve the outcomes; (4) searching for proper measures of the activities or issues; and (5) generating a list of key indicators. Based on these steps, a quality function deployment (QFD) approach is developed to determine key indicators and evaluate environmental performance. To handle uncertainties in QFD, the decision makers’ evaluations are quantified through rough numbers using the concept of rough sets. The outputs of the proposed approach are different environmental performance indices. Using these indices, decision makers can easily determine whether an improved performance has been achieved through an EMS. The proposed approach is transparent and promising for use as a unified tool for EPE. An application of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a numerical example.     

Consumer reflections on the usage of plastic bags to parcel hot edible items: an empirical study in Malaysia

The packaging industry offers a wide range of pouching products to their clients in the food and beverage industries, healthcare industries and households as well. It is observed that pouching products are widely used and seemingly making them indispensable. Such practices are commonly found in Malaysia especially to parcel hot or cold food. The use of pouches raises two concerns namely solid waste disposal and food safety. The present study found more than 62% of the consumers purchase hot edible items in plastic bags daily or weekly because of its cost effectiveness and storage convenience. Consumers apparently are unperturbed by public campaigns against the use of plastic bags and neither do government regulations have any influence to reduce the use of plastic bags to parcel hot edible items. On the other hand, consumers are optimistic that the environmental and health hazards from the use of plastic bags to store hot edible items would only see a positive impact in the future.     

基于未确知测度识别模型在污水处理厂运行效率评价中的应用

污水处理厂运行效率定量评价是当前污水处理行业管理与研究需要解决的问题,运行效率涉及到污水处理水量、水质和污染物的去除率、能耗和药荆消耗等方面诸多项指标。是多指标综合评价问题。文章借助未确知测度识别数学理论．构造了污水处理厂运行效率定量评价模型。并应用于某污水处理厂的运行效率评价,取得了较满意的效果。