模拟酸雨对大宝山尾矿淋滤实验研究

在模拟酸雨作用下,研究了大宝山尾矿中重金属Cd、Pb及Mn的释放规律及动力学。结果表明,在淋滤液不同酸度(pH为5.6、4.8、3.0)条件下,不同重金属呈现出不同的释放规律。随着淋滤量的增加,淋出液pH逐渐上升;Cd和Mn的释放可分为快速释放和慢速释放2个阶段,Pb的释放速度一直相对稳定。随着淋滤液pH的降低,淋出液pH降低,重金属的释放量及释放速度增加;淋滤液pH对3种重金属释放的影响程度为Pb>Mn>Cd。Cd和Mn的释放可用准二级动力学方程及Elovich方程很好拟合,准二级动力学方程更优;Pb的释放可用双常数方程和零级动力学方程很好拟合。     

Screening the phytoremediation potential of desert broom (Baccharis sarothroides Gray) growing on mine tailings in Arizona, USA

The metal concentrations in a copper mine tailings and desert broom (Baccharis sarothroides Gray) plants were investigated. The metal concentrations in plants, soil cover, and tailings were determined using ICP-OES. The concentration of copper, lead, molybdenum, chromium, zinc, arsenic, nickel, and cobalt in tailings was 526.4, 207.4, 89.1, 84.5, 51.7, 49.6, 39.7, and 35.6mgkg(-1), respectively. The concentration of all elements in soil cover was 10-15% higher than that of the tailings, except for molybdenum. The concentration of copper, lead, molybdenum, chromium, zinc, arsenic, nickel, and cobalt in roots was 818.3, 151.9, 73.9, 57.1, 40.1, 44.6, 96.8, and 26.7mgkg(-1) and 1214.1, 107.3, 105.8, 105.5, 55.2, 36.9, 30.9, and 10.9mgkg(-1) for shoots, respectively. Considering the translocation factor, enrichment coefficient, and the accumulation factor, desert broom could be a potential hyperaccumulator of Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, and Ni.     

基于JC法尾矿坝稳定性可靠度研究

论述了可靠度理论在尾矿坝稳定性评价中可有效弥补定值法(安全系数法)存在的不足。文中选用JC法作为可靠度分析方法,结合实例对尾矿坝进行稳定性分析,分别求出了尾矿坝在正常和洪水工况下运行时的可靠度指标。并通过与定值法(安全系数法)比较,发现可靠度指标对坝体材料物理力学参数变异性的敏感度高于安全系数,因而得出可靠度方法可以更加全面、客观的反映出尾矿坝稳定性的真实状态。     

浅谈尾矿坝削坡

尾矿库的安全稳定在矿山安全生产和环境保护中具有十分重要的意义,而尾矿坝的不利因素是导致安全事故的原因之一。通过对尾矿坝的分析,探讨了尾矿坝坡度对坝体稳定性的影响。结合相关案例,指出了存在的安全问题并提出了解决方案。     

灾后四川矿山尾矿安全处置迫在眉睫

据统计,四川省历年堆存下来的矿山尾矿约有7000万吨。由于受5.12汶川大地震影响,许多矿山企业产生的矿山尾矿结构发生一定变化,出现明显松动;而且一些矿山尾矿堆存在江河流域旁的山坡上。数量巨大的矿山尾矿不仅对河流造成严重的安全和环境隐患,还将对山区、县城附近的人民群众生命财产构成严重威胁,严重阻碍国民经济与社会事业可持...     

尾矿库酸性废水处理研究

介绍了使用两段中和法处理矿山酸性废水,即首先用矿物或废渣作中和剂将废水的pH值调节到4.0左右,再用石灰乳进行中和。在实验室研究的基础上,对某铁矿尾矿库酸性废水采用两段中和法进行试验。试验结果表明,出水pH值达到6~8时,出水水质指标达到国家排放标准。     

金矿尾矿库渗漏后治理措施的探寻

分析了金矿尾矿库发生渗漏的原因,重点介绍了尾矿库渗漏后的综合治理措施。通过治理措施的实施,不仅解决了尾矿库渗漏问题,而且为尾矿库的增高扩容提供了良好的条件。其成功经验可以为类似金矿企业所借鉴。     

Enhanced adaptability of Sesbania rostrata to Pb/Zn tailings via stem nodulation

Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the e ects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three di erent types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%–4.9%, 2.2%–7.7%, 27.8%–72.2%, 17.1%–23.5%, 12.3%–34.2%, and 43.1%–131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9–11.6 times and 5.8–29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.     

尾矿砂介质渗流过程诱发声发射信号特征试验研究*

为了对渗流状态进行预测预报,从而预防渗透破坏事故的发生,基于地下水位上升、不同尾矿砂粒径以及渗流速度诱发的弹性波信号,采用声发射技术对尾矿砂介质的渗流状态进行监测。由800,1 100,1 400 mm 3种不同水头高度（流速）下的水流分别渗入0.1~0.25,0.25~0.5,0.5~1 mm以及混合粒径的尾矿砂介质中,模拟尾矿坝渗流,监测渗流过程的AE信号,分析液面上升、不同粒径尾矿砂颗粒以及不同流速下的渗流AE信号特征。结果表明:在试验所选用的几组粒径中,流速相同时,粒径较大的尾矿砂渗流产生的AE事件数量多、幅值大,即粒径越大,尾矿砂渗流过程的AE信号越强;同一粒径下,流速越小,渗流产生的AE信号幅值越小,AE事件数越少,即流速越小,尾矿砂渗流过程的AE信号越弱;液面上升过程中,在液面位置处产生的AE信号最强,且AE信号随液面位置与传感器距离而变化,越接近传感器AE信号越强,这表明AE技术能够较为准确地监测渗流过程中液面上升。研究结果可为尾矿坝渗流监测提供理论与技术支持。