鼓翅皱膝蝗生态学特性研究

在甘肃省夏河县对鼓翅皱膝蝗的种群结构、数量变动、空间格局及动脉进行了系统研究。鼓翅皱膝蝗1a发生1代，以卵在土中越冬，翌年5月中旬开始孵化出土，6月上旬达到出土高峰，此期蝗虫种群仅由1龄和2龄蝗蝻组成，其中1龄蝗蝻占81.8％，2龄蝗蝻占18.2％，成虫于7月上旬开始羽化，8月上旬达到羽化高峰，此期的成虫数量达61.3％，而蝗蝻仅占38.7％，蝗蝻期约为72d，成虫寿命54d左右，每雌平均产卵32.6粒。鼓翅皱膝蝗在草地上属聚集分布，蝗蝻发生期种群的空间动态主要表现出扩散趋势，但初孵化出土时有短暂的聚集行为。取食量随龄期增大而增大，每头鼓翅皱膝蝗取食牧草量蝗蝻期平均为1.5g，成早期约为5.8g，成早期的食量是蝗蝻期的3.7倍。表3参12     

水生金针菜对食品废水的净化

本文介绍了金针菜在水面上无土栽培技术和对食品废水的净化功能.试验结果证明,金针菜是净化食品废水的一种优良植物,其经济效益也很显著.     

积极发展绿色食品

叙述了绿色食品的概念、特点、标准，并对我国绿色食品的发展历程、发展现状和发展前景进行了分析。     

绿色食品产地土壤中PAHs测定方法研究

对绿色食品产地土壤中多环芳烃的气相色谱质谱联用分析法进行了研究。样品经索氏提取后硅胶氧化铝复合柱净化,最后用GC/MS内标法进行定性定量分析。方法相关系数除苯并(a,h)蒽的相关系数R2=0.9970外,其余目标化合物的相关系数R2均大于0.9991,各化合物线性关系良好。方法加标回收率大多在70%至90%间,各目标化合物的方法检测限为2.2～40ng/kg。     

Temporal dynamics of arsenic uptake and distribution: food and water risks in the Bengal basin

Abstract

Contaminated food chain is a serious contender for arsenic (As) uptake around the globe. In Nadia, West Bengal, we trace possible means of transfer of As from multiple sources reaching different trophic levels, and associated seasonal variability leading to chronic As uptake. This work considers possible sources-pathways of As transfer through food chain in rural community. Arsenic concentration in groundwater, soil, rice, and vegetable-samples collected detected in different harvest seasons of 2014 and 2016. Arsenic level in shallow groundwater samples ranged from 0.1 to 354?µg/L, with 75% of the sites above the prescribed limit by WHO (10?µg/L) during the boro harvest season. High soil As content (～20.6?mg/kg), resulted in accumulation of As in food crops. A positive correlation in As conc. with increase over period in all sites indicating gradual As accumulation in topsoil. Unpolished rice samples showed high As content (～1.75?mg/kg), polishing reduced 80% of As. Among vegetables, the plant family Poaceae with high irrigation requirements and Solanaceae retaining high moisture, have the highest levels of As. Contaminated animal fodder (Poaceae) and turf water for cattle are shown to contaminate milk (0.06 to 0.24?µg/L) and behoves strategies, practices to minimize As exposure.     

Crop Failure in Dalocha, Ethiopia: A Participatory Emergency Response

This case study of an NGO's response to a food crisis due to crop failure focuses on the extent of active community participation at each stage of the project. With the current debate on the relationship between relief and development, and in particular the focus on encouraging more active community participation in relief responses, this study has relevance both in the Ethiopian context and beyond.
In this example the participation process was greatly facilitated by the prior relationship between the international NGO and the communities, and also by the high level of staff input into the project. Where resources or conditions are less favourable, as might be the case in similar responses by local NGOs or government agencies, the paper suggests that the participatory approach can be adapted or partially implemented and still result in a more effective and locally relevant operation.     

气浮-生化处理-砂滤工艺处理高浓度食品生产废水

食品生产废水属于高浓度有机废水,具有排水量大、污染物浓度、水质水量变化大的特点,如不处理就直接排放,将会对水环境造成严重的污染.本工程中废水原水水质参数为:CODCr＜5000mg/L,BOD5＜3000mg/L,SS＜500mg/L,pH5.0～7.5,水温20～30℃.针对该废水水质特点,采用气浮-生化-砂滤工艺处理食品生产废水.运行结果表明,该处理工艺具有处理效率高、操作管理简便、抗冲击负荷、污泥量小、出水水质稳定、运行成本低等优点,处理后出水CODCr85mg/L,BOD524.3mg/L,SS56.2mg/L,pH6～8,达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准.     

湿热法处理实现厨余垃圾饲料化的研究

探索了湿热法工艺处理厨余垃圾并将其饲料化的可行性.实验表明,湿热法处理可以在满足消毒杀菌的同时,降低厨余原料中的高油脂含量和高含盐量,调节营养成分,实现物化性状的均一.经湿热法处理后的厨余垃圾的饲用价值得到明显改善,可作为良好的饲料原料,同时可回收利用油脂.总之,湿热法工艺可实现厨余垃圾的无害化、减量化和资源化处理,对于消除环境污染、缓解我国饲料原料紧张及资源回收利用等方面有着显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益,具有重要的现实意义.     

白洋淀几种不同食性鱼类对六六六、DDT的富集

对白洋淀几种不同食性鱼体内六六六和ＤＤＴ残留量分析表明，草食性鱼体内农药残留量最少，六六六含量为５９．３μｇ／ｋｇ，ＤＤＴ含量为２９．６μｇ／ｋｇ；其次是杂食性鱼类，六六六含量为９０．４μｇ／ｋｇ，ＤＤＴ含量为１０８．５μｇ／ｋｇ；肉食性鱼体内农药残留量最高，六六六含量为１１０．７μｇ／ｋｇ，ＤＤＴ含量为１２４．４μｇ／ｋｇ。鱼体对ＤＤＴ的浓缩因子为３１１～１２４４，明显高于六六六的１７７～３６８。鱼体内ＢＨＣ４种异构体的残留顺序为δ＞α＞γ＞β，与其在水体中的比例α＞γ＞δ＞β略有不同。鱼体内ＤＤＴ主要以代谢物ｐ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＥ的形式存在，但个别样品中少量的ｐ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＤ及ｏ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＴ的检出，表明白洋淀水生生态系统最近受到ＤＤＴ的轻度污染。本项研果与１９７５～１９７７年检测结果进行比较；白洋淀鱼体内六六六残留量显著下降，下降率为１５．８％～７９．２％；ＤＤＴ残留量却明显增加（草食性鱼类除外），增加率约为４７．８％～９７．８％。     

基于Logistic方程描述的鱼食和阿特拉津共同作用对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

在养殖水域中地表径流等可引起水域中除草剂浓度升高,威胁养殖水环境的生态平衡.为评价阿特拉津和鱼食在水环境中的生态风险,以ρ（阿特拉津）（0、5、10、20和40 μg/L）及鱼食（鱼食为MⅡ培养基中的氮、磷营养源）投加量（0.05、0.20 g;d < 0.85 mm）为变量,基于Logistic方程探讨阿特拉津和鱼食共同作用下铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）的生长,并研究藻类生长对鱼食营养盐的利用.结果表明:在ρ（阿特拉津）为0~40 μg/L范围内,铜绿微囊藻生长曲线均可用Logistic方程描述（R2=0.975~0.996）;一般情况下,基于Logistic方程得到的比生长速率、增殖速率和抑制率拟合公式均可描述相应实测值的变化,相关性分析得到的拟合值与实测值相关系数（R2）分别为0.861~0.992、0.381~0.839和0.621~0.839.相同ρ（阿特拉津）下,鱼食投加量对藻细胞密度有显著影响（P < 0.05）,Logistic方程拟合得到的理论最大藻细胞密度（K）随鱼食投加量的增加而增大.相同鱼食投加量下,ρ（阿特拉津）为5~40 μg/L时对藻类生长有抑制作用,随ρ（阿特拉津）增加,抑制强度逐渐升高,藻细胞密度越低,最大藻细胞密度随ρ（阿特拉津）的增加而减小.藻细胞密度与PO₄3--P利用量之间关系可用方程N=a×△cb描述,R2为0.23~0.99;藻细胞密度与NH₄+-N利用量之间关系可用方程N=a+b×△c描述,R2为0.04~0.99;藻细胞密度与TN/TP、NH₄+-N/TN和PO₄3--P/TP的关系均可用幂函数方程N=a"xb'描述,R2分别为0.72~0.78、0.66~0.83和0.55~0.56.研究显示,Logistic方程可用于分析阿特拉津和鱼食对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,且藻类生长与营养盐质量浓度之间存在一定的定量关系.