安全工程专业本科教育培养模式的探讨

本文分析了当前安全工程专业本科教育存在的一些问题,如本科基础知识教育欠系统和规范,知识结构的行业限制性过重,课程设置不甚合理等,这些问题对培养高素质安全科学人才及本专业自身的发展不利,笔者就合理的培养模式作了探讨,提出本科教育应有明确的目标,业务能力应有具体要求,专业知识结构应划分为四个层次。     

Driving violations and health promotion behaviors among undergraduate students: Self-report of on-road behavior

Introduction: The purposes of this study are to characterize Israeli undergraduate students' driving violations in the terms of problem behavior theory and to identify whether there is any relationship between driving violations and health risk behaviors, daring behaviors, excitement seeking, and health promotion behaviors.

Methods: This study is based on a structured self-reported anonymous questionnaire distributed to undergraduate students in an academic institution. The sample included 533 undergraduate students (374 females and 159 males). The mean age was 23.4 (SD = 1.4, range = 5).

Results: A higher prevalence of self-reported driving violations was found among males in comparison to females. All substance use measures were positively related to driving violations; for example, use of cigarettes (OR = 4.287, P <.001) and water pipes (odds ratio [OR] = 3.000, P <.001) as well as binge drinking (OR = 5.707, P <.001) and regular cannabis smoking (OR = 5.667, P <.001) raise the probability of committing rare driving violations. The strongest predictive factors for the frequent driving violations group were alcohol consumption–related variables: binge drinking (OR = 2.560, P <.01) and drunkenness (OR = 2.284, P <.05). Strong odd ratios were also found between the frequent driving violations group and selling or dealing drugs (12.143, P <.001), and stealing something valuable (13.680, P <.001). The strongest predicted variable for the rare driving violations group was physical confrontation due to verbal disagreement (3.439, P <.05) and the concept that selling or dealing drugs is socially acceptable (2.521, P <.05). The probability of executing rare driving violations was higher for subjects who reported intense physical workout regimens (OR = 1.638, P <.05).

Conclusions: Problem behavior theory succeeded in explaining health risk behavior and driving violations. This study shows that bachelors tend to be more involved in risk behaviors, such as substance use, excitement-seeking behaviors, and daring behaviors and are active physically and thus constitute a risk group for driving violations. As such, intervention resources should be directed toward this group.     

由"第十名现象"谈大学生成功智力的培养

全文从"第十名现象"入手,以美国心理学家斯腾伯格教授的"成功智力理论"为依据,对当前高校在培养大学生成功智力教育中的弊端及其因素进行分析,重点介绍了当前大学生培养成功智力缺乏的原因及发展成功智力的措施,旨在学生及教育工作者中积极倡导"成功人生"的发展观,试图为推进高校人才培养适应性提供一种新的思路和人才培养的途径.     

环境影响评价课程教学的现状与改进思路

环境影响评价课程在环境类专业教学中具有重要地位。不断发展的环境保护法律法规以及环境影响评价规范、导则和标准对环境影响评价的教学提出了更高的要求。对目前环境影响评价课程教学中存在的教材过时、缺乏深度、与实际应用脱节、教学中无侧重点等现状进行了总结,并提出了相应的改进思路,包括及时更新教材、增加教学难度与广度、与环境影响评价工程师职业资格考试紧密结合、开展环境影响评价特色教学等,为环境影响评价课程教学明确了今后努力的方向。     

Into the Field: Naturalistic Education and the Future of Conservation

Abstract:  Some educational psychologists and researchers have argued that there are multiple ways of being intelligent. In the early 1980s, Howard Gardner presented a theory of multiple intelligences by proposing that humans can be described not by a single kind of intelligence, or intelligence quotient score, but rather by a variety of kinds of intelligence. This idea of considering multiple views of intelligence has helped educators look at intelligence from a less rigid, more expansive perspective. I considered how the relatively new concept of naturalistic intelligence, which is the cognitive potential to process information that is exhibited by expert naturalists, might influence the design of undergraduate biology curricula. Naturalistic intelligence can be fostered in undergraduate biology students by emphasizing the need for well-rounded scientific naturalists; developing curricula that involves students in outdoor inquiry-based projects; and helping students learn how to observe both the natural world and their own learning, skills that are essential to developing expert naturalistic knowledge. Professors, graduate students, and administrators can improve the naturalistic intelligence of undergraduate biology students by giving these students opportunities to be involved in outdoor research. Time spent outdoors alone and among people with expertise in natural history, ecology, and conservation biology will have important influences on the knowledge and skills biology undergraduates learn, the careers they pursue, and the contributions they make to conserving Earth's biodiversity.     

论高等职业教育及其自身体系的完善--本科层次教育的思考

长期以来，我国专科层次的高等职业教育适应地方经济发展的需要，无论在规模，还是结构、质量方面都获得了长足发展．但随着社会主义市场经济的确立，科学技术的迅猛发展，社会对人才的素质、能力、层次的要求越来越高．相应，对教育层次的需求也随之提升．因此，发展四年制本科层次高职教育已成为一种必然和迫切需要．文章就实现本科层次高职教育的客观趋势及其选择模式提出了初步设想．     

迎评促建期间大学生思想政治工作的开展与思考

搞好大学生思想政治工作对促进学校的建设工作意义重大.针对当前我院迎评促建工作中的学生思想上存在的误区,应进一步加强宣传、加强思想政治工作队伍建设以及不断总结过去和创新现在,根据当前迎评促建工作的实际,采取一定措施.     

安全工程本科专业建设研究的文献计量学分析

为了解安全科技人员利用文献的特点和安全工程学科文献的发展规律,根据文献计量学分析理论与方法,对1995-2009年安全工程本科专业建设研究文献的发文量、文献著者、核心作者群、核心期刊群、引文文献、被引用情况和基金项目资助等进行分析研究,结果表明:安全工程本科专业建设研究的发文量较少但整体呈上升态势;文献著者的合作度为2.5,合著率76.1%,文献的合作度和合著率较低,研究深度和广度需进一步加强,同时需加强多单位联合研究;高校研究者是该领域的主力军,其发文量占92.5%,但核心作者群尚未形成;<中国安全科学学报>是该领域研究的核心期刊,北京是该领域研究的核心区域;期刊文献是主要的引文类型(73.5%),引文语种主要是中文文献(97.3%),篇均引文文献4.9篇,普赖斯指数较高(73.3%);文献的被引用频次整体较低(2.2);2005年以来文献的基金项目资助率为30.2%,基金项目资助率和资助项目级别均呈上升趋势.     

安全工程类专业本科毕业论文研究主题及课程设置分析

为完善安全工程类专业本科课程设置建设,从38所高校搜集整理2021年68篇安全工程本科优秀毕业论文(设计),利用CiteSpace软件对论文关键词进行聚类分析,明确本科毕业论文(设计)的研究主题。随后,调研38所高校安全工程的行业背景,并统计分析国内代表性高校与国外高校安全类专业培养方案课程的差异。结果表明:68篇毕业论文中出现频次较高的关键词有数值模拟、灾害预警、安全管理体系和韧性4个方面;结合行业院校行业背景,发现68篇毕业论文(设计)中,公共安全方向的论文数量占比为45.6%,矿山安全的论文数量占比为8.82%,但38所高校中近40%的高校都是以矿山安全作为重点服务领域,表明各高校安全工程毕业论文研究方向不再集中于各自的行业安全,正向大安全方向转变;但各大高校开设的特色专业课仍集中在行业安全本身,同时基础课内容存在一定重复,缺少相关模拟课程,以上原因造成目前开设的课程很难完全支撑学生开展毕业论文(设计)。另外,与国外开设安全相关专业的高校对比,我国安全工程专业课程门数相对较多,实践课程偏少。建议我国安全工程专业增加数值模拟课程和延长实践课程,提升学生解决问题的能力。