The Interior-to-Edge Breakpoint Distance as a Guideline for Nature Conservation Policy

A method is proposed to quantify disturbance impact on isolated habitats. For every landscape patch, the breakpoint distance, defined as the penetration distance for which equality of interior and edge habitat is observed, can be calculated. Disturbance with equal impact at all patch sides is assumed. Effects of patch compactness, size, convolution, and perforation are discussed. The potential use of the measure for nature reserve design is discussed. The breakpoint distance follows the reserve design guidelines for individual patches, based on island biogeography and is consistent with the form and function principle. A large breakpoint distance is preferred for natural habitats. Small size, small compactness, intense convolution, and the occurrence of many gaps depress the breakpoint distance.     

浅析我国城市土地的储备问题

通过对城市土地储备制度的运作过程与运转机理的简要阐述，形成了一个较为完整的理论框架，侧重分析了我国现行的城市土地储备制度尚存的一些问题，提出了相应解决对策，以求进一步完善我国城市土地储备制度。     

提高节理面c和φ对岩坡开挖变形的影响

为了反映岩质边坡在节理面注浆后的变形效应,首先,通过室内试验,分析注浆前后岩体变形和破坏的全过程,以探讨其抗剪性能(粘结力c和内摩擦角φ)的变化;然后,基于理想弹塑性本构模型的Mohr-Cou-lomb准则,运用拉格朗日元数值方法(FLAC3D),对岩坡注浆前后变形效应(水平位移、垂直位移、剪应变增量)进行模拟。结果表明:注浆加固后,岩体的位移场变得均匀和连续,节理面处的较大位移受到抑制,边坡的整体性得到提高,有利于边坡的稳定性。     

饱和软土刚性长短桩复合地基——强度及变形实用计算公式

刚性长短桩复合地基有许多特点，如桩体均为刚性、短桩及长桩桩端为低压缩或中压缩性土等。长短桩复合地基的设计理论目前仍处于研究阶段，现行规范中尚无有关其强度及变形的具体计算方法。重点探讨了饱和软粘土体上采用刚性长短桩复合地基的强度及变形理论，并提出了适用于工程应用的实用计算方法。     

混凝土结构施工中人因差错的模拟

以施工现场人因差错真实准确的调查实测数据为依据,笔者采用人的可靠性分析方法建立了混凝土结构施工中人因差错发生及其对混凝土强度影响规律的数学模型,并编制了相应的模拟计算程序。将该模拟计算程序所得的考虑人因差错的混凝土强度模拟计算结果与实测的混凝土强度调查结果进行比较,二者具有很好的一致性,说明该数学模型和模拟计算程序是比较符合实际的,也是比较合理的。上述模拟计算结果为考虑人因差错的结构安全性分析以及人因差错的有效控制措施研究提供了参考依据。     

Manufacture of strand board made from construction scrap wood

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of strand board made from construction scrap wood. The strand board was manufactured using Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga japonica) strands selected from construction scrap wood. The strands were oriented, and three-layer (face/core/face) strand board of three types was produced: one in which the strands of the face layer were oriented at a right angle to those of the core layer (R board), another in which the strands of the face layer were oriented parallel to those of the core layer (P board), and a third in which the strands of both layers were oriented at random (Ra board). The physical and mechanical properties of the boards were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). The main results obtained are as follows: the bending strength of the strand board with a density larger than 0.55 g/cm³ exceeded the standard value of type 18 particleboard of JIS A 5908. The bending strength of the strand board was affected by board density, strand orientation and resin content, and became larger with increased density as well as resin content. That of the parallel specimen of P board was the largest among the specimen-orientations and types. The internal bond strength of the strand board with a density larger than 0.55 g/cm³ exceeded the standard value of type 18 particleboard and type 24-10 particleboard of JIS A 5908. The internal bond strength was markedly affected by the resin content of the core layer, and became larger with increased density. The thickness swelling of the strand board decreased with increased resin content, and become larger with increased density.     

Plant cover synanthropization in the pechora-Ilych biosphere reserve along an altitudinal gradient

Trends in plant cover synanthropization along a plain-foothills-mountains gradient have been revealed in the reserve. Characteristics of plant communities in anthropogenically disturbed habitats, centers of concentration of anthropophytes and apophytes, and pathways of their migration are described.     

SRHSC梁主要设计参数损伤敏感度分析

以型钢高强混凝土(SRHSC)梁为研究对象,结合SRHSC梁受力机理及承载能力的试验研究成果,提出了极限状态下的承载能力是评价梁力学性能的关键指标,将损伤前后梁正截面抗弯承载力之比和斜截面抗剪承载力之比的均值作为自变量,给出了SRHSC梁损伤表征函数,并借助"预定损伤法",揭示了主要设计参数对SRHSC梁损伤演化的影响规律。研究成果将为建立地震激励下SRHSC框架结构楼层损伤模型提供理论和数据支持。     

内排压脚与边坡稳定性的关系

为了研究边坡角及边坡形状与边坡稳定性的关系,采用有限元软件ANSYS模拟了不同边坡角对应的稳定系数,以及不同平盘宽度和压脚高度所形成的等储备强度边坡的稳定系数。模拟中假设材料符合相关联的理想弹塑性本构关系,强度准则符合Drucker-Prager准则,用计算收敛性作为边坡稳定性的准则,用强度折减法得出边坡的稳定系数。为了形成等储备强度边坡,由下到上分步骤进行压脚。先在平面边坡最下台阶压脚,这样提高了边坡稳定系数,在边坡进入临界状态时,最下两台阶的塑性状态相同,则压脚停止;再在最下两台阶同时压脚,在边坡进入临界状态时,最下3个台阶的塑性状态相同,则压脚停止;以此类推,在最下边n个台阶同时压脚,在边坡进入临界状态时,压到与第n+1个台阶的塑性状态相同为止。结果表明,边坡总是从坡脚开始形成塑性区,在重力加载过程中,塑性区以弧形条带向坡顶扩展,形成滑带。最有效的内排压脚是从最下台阶开始形成等储备强度边坡的压脚。     

含多弱层复合边坡滑坡治理三维数值分析

白音华二号矿滑坡区边坡治理工程是针对稳定性差的南帮非工作帮和南排土场构成的复合边坡进行的。滑坡体受多层弱层控制,治理过程中易导致边坡失稳,所以治理工程采取分区开采的条采方案,充分利用边坡治理的三维效应来进行边坡的失稳破坏研究和稳定性分析。选取滑坡区的典型剖面作为研究对象,基于强度折减方法(SRM),应用有限差分FLAC3D软件,在两种开挖条件下,对含多弱层的复合边坡的稳定性规律和破坏机制进行了数值模拟分析,揭示了多弱层对复合边坡的失稳破坏及稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,治理工程中,弱层被揭露一定宽度,滑体沿煤底板弱层水平错动、竖直方向拉裂破坏;随弱层暴露宽度的增加,边坡稳定性明显降低,说明治理边坡具有三维效应;开挖至3-3煤层底板,开挖坡角20°,弱层暴露宽度为400m,边坡的稳定系数刚好达到安全储备系数1.1,建议矿方首选此方案,可以最大限度的回收煤炭资源。