试析加强环境监测、监察业务联动的意义、内容和措施

环境监察和环境监测是环境保护工作的重要组成部分,监察体现了环保工作的权威性,监测则保证了环保工作的科学性。全面论述加强环境监察监测联动的重要意义,从思想和技术方面探讨加强环境监察监测联动的可行方法,对如何建立科学的环境监察与环境监测联动机制,快速、准确查处环保违法行为具有一定的指导意义。     

环境污染物计算毒理学分析及环境行为模拟研究进展

根据国内外研究报道,系统地总结了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在环境科学领域的研究进展,包括二者的概念、理论、研究方法以及在环境研究中的应用;分析了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在发展中所面临的挑战,并提出对策;展望了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在环境研究中的发展前景。     

间歇-阶段性酸雨入侵对填埋稳定化飞灰中重金属浸出行为影响

以间歇-分阶段进水方式进行了模拟酸雨柱式动态淋溶实验.结果表明,间歇-阶段性酸雨入侵会影响填埋飞灰中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的浸出行为;尤其间歇停滞期后的初期酸雨入侵会增加多数重金属的再浸出水平,且该部分重金属的释放主要源于前阶段酸雨侵蚀过程中所形成的非稳定性(弱酸态)重金属.各酸雨侵蚀阶段,部分重金属(如Pb-Zn)的浸出行为具有相关性,这与各重金属在飞灰基质内的赋存形态、矿物相稳定性及酸性侵蚀程度等有关.各阶段酸雨入侵会相继溶出飞灰中的可溶性(NaCl、KCl等)、难溶性氯盐(CaClOH)以及微溶性钙盐(CaSO₄),并增加CaCO₃和Ca-Al-Si-O等矿物的峰强.各阶段酸雨入侵会使初始飞灰表面的团簇状结构逐渐被酸性(H⁺)侵蚀作用破坏,并暴露出大量棒状或条形状CaCO₃晶体,且随着酸雨入侵次数的增加,CaCO₃也将逐渐被侵蚀破坏.本研究为非连续酸性降雨条件下填埋稳定化飞灰的重金属浸出行为评价及风险管控提供了科学依据.     

恐惧诉求对职业驾驶员安全驾驶态度和行为意向的影响

研究以EPPM模型作为理论框架,探讨恐惧诉求对危险驾驶行为(超速和不系安全带)态度和行为意向的作用。54名职业驾驶员在观看交通安全恐惧诉求录像后,完成安全驾驶行为问卷。回归分析表明恐惧诉求的交通事故录像能够改变驾驶员对超速及不系安全带驾驶的态度和行为意向,但作用不完全一致。恐惧情绪唤起通过恐惧情感所引发的威胁评估过程中介对不超速行为意向的影响。最后,对研究的局限和未来的研究进行讨论。     

Bridging the gap between green behavioral intentions and employee green behavior: The role of green psychological climate

How do employees' perceptions and interpretations of organizational policies, practices, and procedures affect the enactment of their behavioral intentions? In a daily diary study, we examined the between‐persons relationship of corporate environmental strategy and pro‐environmental or “green” psychological climate; and whether green psychological climate moderates the within‐person relationship of employees' daily green behavioral intentions and their green behavior on the following day. To test our hypotheses, we collected survey data from 74 employees across 10 workdays. Results showed that corporate environmental strategy is positively related to green psychological climate that, in turn, moderates the relationship between green behavioral intentions and next‐day employee green behavior. Specifically, we found the relationship to be positive only when employees perceive a positive green psychological climate. We discuss implications of our findings for future research on employee green behavior and for organizations interested in encouraging employee green behavior. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantitative Assessment of a Tanzanian Integrated Conservation and Development Project Involving Butterfly Farming

Abstract: Scientific understanding of the role of development in conservation has been hindered by the quality of evaluations of integrated conservation and development projects. We used a quasi‐experimental design to quantitatively assess a conservation and development project involving commercial butterfly farming in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. Using a survey of conservation attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and behavior, we compared 150 butterfly farmers with a control group of 170 fellow community members. Due to the nonrandom assignment of individuals to the two groups, we used propensity‐score matching and weighting in our analyses to control for observed bias. Eighty percent of the farmers believed butterfly farming would be impossible if local forests were cleared, and butterfly farmers reported significantly more participation in forest conservation behaviors and were more likely to believe that conservation behaviors were effective. The two groups did not differ in terms of their general conservation attitudes, attitudes toward conservation officials, or knowledge of conservation‐friendly building techniques. The relationship between butterfly farming and conservation behavior was mediated by dependency on butterfly farming income. Assuming unobserved bias played a limited role, our findings suggest that participation in butterfly farming increased participation in conservation behaviors among project participants because farmers perceive a link between earnings from butterfly farming and forest conservation.     

起重伤亡事故分析及司机行为特性研究

介绍了近年来起重伤亡事故概况，并通过对某企业历年来起重伤亡事故的分析，探讨了起重伤亡事故的原因，以及事故发生的一般规律，并对起重司机的行为特性作了研究，为起重事故预防提供了科学依据。     

THE WATERSHED IN PRINCIPLE1

Three fundamental concepts linking drainage basin characteristics, stream behavior, and management of watersheds are deduced from field data and observations. An electrical analogy of a watershed clarifies definitions and broadens understanding of this complex natural resource. The three basic principles deal with (1) the interrelationships of watershed morphology, constitution, and appearance; (2) the nature of the control man can exert over runoff-influencing forces, and (3) the efficiency of watershed management efforts. Recognition of these principles can assist educators, managers, planners and researchers to more fully inform students and to more effectively guide and evaluate management decisions.     

Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship

Problem: Safety climate refers to the degree to which employees believe true priority is given to organizational safety performance, and its measurement is thought to provide an “early warning” of potential safety system failure(s). However, researchers have struggled over the last 25 years to find empirical evidence to demonstrate actual links between safety climate and safety performance.Method: A safety climate measure was distributed to manufacturing employees at the beginning of a behavioral safety initiative and redistributed one year later.Results: Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that perceptions of the importance of safety training were predictive of actual levels of safety behavior. The results also demonstrate that the magnitude of change in perceptual safety climate scores will not necessarily match actual changes (r=0.56, n.s.) in employee's safety behavior.Discussion: This study obtained empirical links between safety climate scores and actual safety behavior. Confirming and contradicting findings within the extant safety climate literature, the results strongly suggest that the hypothesized climate-behavior-accident path is not as clear cut as commonly assumed.Summary: A statistical link between safety climate perceptions and safety behavior will be obtained when sufficient behavioral data is collected.Impact on Industry: The study further supports the use of safety climate measures as useful diagnostic tools in ascertaining employee's perceptions of the way that safety is being operationalized.     

回燃及其对腔室火灾过程的影响

从火灾中的两种特殊火行为－轰燃和回燃的发生机理出发,着重讨论了回燃在整个火灾过程中的作用以及回燃对轰燃的影响。结果表明,由于回燃和轰燃同为火灾全过程中的分过程,并且由于二者发生机理的相似性,因而,它们可以建立联系。当具备合适的热解产物浓度时,回燃过程可以使火灾系统的状态突变到完全发展状态,即引发轰燃。