北京市安全生产与经济社会发展耦合关系研究

调查和研究北京市安全生产历史资料数据,系统地分析生产安全的发展历史、现状、特征与存在的问题;选取3大类18个与安全生产关系密切的经济社会相对指标,通过散点图、相关系数、主因子分析等方法建立了亿元产值死亡率与经济社会相对指标的回归模型;结合目前北京市的安全生产现状,使用差分自回归滑动平均法及趋势分析法,计算未来各类事故死亡人数、亿元产值死亡率的变化趋势,并预测全市安全生产的发展趋势;提出经济社会和安全监管方面的相关对策建议,为有关部门制定政策规划提供理论依据。     

地板送风系统室内可吸入颗粒物沉降特性的试验研究

分析地板送风系统停机后影响室内可吸入颗粒物浓度变化的因素,建立颗粒物浓度的沉降模型并求出分析解,得出颗粒物浓度随时间的变化规律.通过颗粒物浓度的沉降模型计算颗粒物的沉降损失率和沉降速度.结果表明,当室内颗粒物的粒径大于1 μm时,其沉降损失率与粒径呈线性正相关; 粒径小于1 μm时,其沉降损失率和衰减率低于前者,但沉降稳定后的颗粒物浓度远大于前者.研究进一步证明了大粒径颗粒物的沉降主要由重力决定而小粒径的由布朗扩散力决定.     

大气污染物排放监测中最低等效排气筒计算规律研究

通过实例分析了在排气筒组中,以不同的排气筒高度作为起点依次等效,不会影响等效排气筒污染物排放速率和等效排气筒位置的计算结果,但会对等效排气筒高度的计算产生影响。研究表明,在排气筒组中,将排气筒从高到低排列进行等效,计算出的等效排气筒高度最低,相应执行标准最严。     

环境管理工作中污染源普查成果的应用

全国污染源普查工作的开展实施,能够更好地了解当前环境的具体状况,然后进行科学合理的分析,分析数据结果能够对环境保护工作提供坚实的数据基础。本文着重阐述了环境污染普查工作的实施及科学成果的应用,并对普查结果进行了科学的分析总结,以期为今后环境保护工作提供借鉴。     

丁坝工程冲刷与防护措施研究综述

丁坝是一种典型的河道整治建筑物,在控导工程中被广泛应用,实际工程中对于丁坝冲刷与防护的研究尤为重要,关系到丁坝的稳定与安全。本文系统的回顾了国内外丁坝工程冲刷与防护安全的研究进展,重点从机理研究、原型观测、物理模型、数值模拟和防护措施等五个方面对丁坝冲刷及防护的研究成果进行综述,总结分析了国内外丁坝冲刷的理论研究动态及存在的不足,并提出大致的研究思路以期为后续的丁坝冲刷与防护相关问题的研究提供科学建议。     

Psychosocial and ergonomic survey of office and field jobs in a utility company

Introduction. The effect of different kinds of work on the psychosocial assessment of workers under the same management and organizational environment is investigated. Methods. A voluntary assessment in a utility company was carried out using the short version of the Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire (CoPsoQ) on two occasions, 1.5 years apart. Initially, 25 office workers (11 men and 14 women) participated, while 14 of those workers (8 women and 6 men) participated in the second assessment together with 32 field workers. The sewage, water treatment and maintenance workers, totaling 32 men, also participated in a field ergonomics assessment using the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries field work ergonomic checklist. Results. The longitudinal outlook was fairly stable, with sustained severe scores in many CoPsoQ subscales and intensification of severity of workers’ control over work and esteem for men. A significantly higher esteem score resulted for field rather than office workers. Workers subjected to foul odors showed similar severity of psychosocial factors. Discussion. For most psychosocial dimensions, the organizational design and management system in place, as well as the overall cultural environment in which it operates, create a much stronger and more decisive impact than job-specific factors.     

Myoelectric manifestation of muscle fatigue in repetitive work detected by means of miniaturized sEMG sensors

Upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders have a 12-month prevalence ranging from 12 to 41% worldwide and can be partly caused by handling low loads at high frequency. The association between the myoelectric manifestation of elbow flexor muscle fatigue and occupational physical demand has never been investigated. It was hypothesized that an elbow flexor muscle fatigue index could be a valid risk indicator in handling low loads at high frequency. This study aims to measure the myoelectric manifestation of muscle fatigue of the three elbow flexor muscles during the execution of the work tasks in different risk conditions. Fifteen right-handed healthy adults were screened using a movement analysis laboratory consisting of optoelectronic, dynamometer and surface electromyographic systems. The main result indicates that the fatigue index calculated from the brachioradialis is sensitive to the interaction among risk classes, session and gender, and above all it is sensitive to the risk classes.     

Effect of restaurant types on compensation claims for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in France

Objectives. The economic burden of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is industry specific. The objective was to analyse compensation claims for WMSDs among restaurant workers in France taking into account the type of restaurant. Methods. Data for 2014 were obtained from the French National Health Insurance Fund for Salaried Workers. A chi-square test was used to compare claims, incapacity and lost work day rates in different types of restaurant. Results. Prevalence for WMSDs differed significantly by the type of kitchen: collective restaurant (7.2/1000 workers), traditional restaurant (1.7/1000), and fast food restaurant (1.0/1000). There were more male claimants in traditional restaurant workers (51.0%) than in collective restaurant workers (40.1%) but more female claimants in collective restaurant workers (50.1%) than in traditional restaurant workers (39.4%). Permanent incapacity was significantly more prevalent in collective restaurant workers (49.6%), than in traditional (41.9%) and fast food (8.5%) restaurant workers. In collective restaurant workers, as a percentage, claims, permanent incapacity and lost work days increased with age range or work experience. Conclusions. Prevalence for WMSDs and therefore incapacity and lost work days are different according to the type of restaurant. Preventive strategies should take these differences into consideration.     

Occupational back pain among schoolteachers in Jordan: estimated prevalence and factors associated with self-reported pain and work limitations

Purpose. To investigate the point prevalence of upper back pain and lower back pain in Jordanian schoolteachers and to estimate the work-related reported disability. Method. A cross-sectional survey was used to assess back pain in a convenience sample of teachers in Jordan. Crude and weighted prevalence estimates of self-reported spinal pain and limited productivity were described. Demographic and occupational factors associated with self-reported pain and limited productivity were identified by multinomial/logistic regression. Results. Crude rates differed by gender, geographic location, school funding and grade levels of teaching. Weighted estimates for self-reported pain were 46% for females and 36% for males. Pain with limitation was 55% for males and 49% for females. Pain without limitation was associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR]?=?5.26). Pain with limitations was associated with female gender (OR?=?2.92), teaching in public school (OR?=?2.06) and body mass index (OR?=?1.1). Among subjects with pain, limitations were associated with male gender (OR?=?2.34), teaching in public school (OR?=?3.18) and pain in both upper and lower back (OR?=?4.64). Conclusions. Pain and occupational limitations are highly prevalent in schoolteachers in Jordan.     

中国安全生产标准实施情况的调查与分析

为深入了解安全生产标准的实施情况,运用情景分析法和专家分析法,根据标准获取情况、宣贯情况、标准适用性3个方面设计了调查问卷,首次对工矿商贸企业开展调查。研究结果表明:当前安全生产标准工作中存在着标准获取困难、宣贯不到位、部分标准适用性不强等问题。在分析原因的基础上,提出建立安全生产标准信息共享与咨询服务工作平台,建立标准宣贯长效工作机制,优化工作程序、提高标准质量等方面的建议,为加强安全生产标准工作提供参考。