企业安全生产主体责任绩效评估建模与应用

在全面分析企业安全生产主体责任内涵的基础上,采用问卷调查、访谈等多种手段,从企业依法生产经营、组织机构与人员配置、安全教育培训、员工权益维护、规章制度管理、作业场所管理及事故管理等方面建立系统的企业安全生产主体责任绩效评估指标体系;结合层次分析法和变权综合理论,构建企业安全生产主体责任绩效评估模型,并进行实例应用。结果表明:依法生产经营是对进行安全生产主体责任绩效评估的前提,机构与人员设置、作业场所安全、规章制度、安全教育培训、事故管理、员工权益维护等子体系对落实企业安全生产主体责任的重要性程度依次递减,所构建的企业安全生产主体责任绩效评估方法和模型是有效的。     

轮班制度对于地铁司机疲劳的影响

立足于轮班工作模式,阐述轮班制度对司机疲劳产生与积累的影响。介绍疲劳指数方法和池田公式的理论基础及模型构架,基于北京地铁13号线现行轮班表,分别应用上述两种研究方法进行地铁轮班司机疲劳程度的分析。两种方法的评估结果显著相关,均说明13号线现行轮班表的制定会导致司机疲劳的产生,存在安全运营风险。应用上述方法可实现对司机疲劳程度的非接触式测量,避免对司机驾驶作业的干扰,同时为地铁运营公司的安全管理人员制定合理的轮班方案,建立全面、量化的动态管理措施,提高行车安全保障提供了科学依据。     

企业安全生产管理责任矩阵应用

在全面分析安全生产责任矩阵的基础上,进一步提出针对落实企业安全生产主体责任的企业安全生产管理责任矩阵新方法。围绕企业安全生产责任管理,彻底分解企业安全生产管理任务,明确划分企业安全生产管理个人和部门的角色,并按照每一项安全生产任务有且只有一个角色、每一个角色至少参与一项安全管理任务的准则,建立一般类型的中小企业安全生产管理责任矩阵,将企业安全生产责任管理有序清晰地体现在一个责任矩阵中,使企业安全生产主体责任管理权有所属、事有所任、责有所归。这对指导和落实企业安全生产主体责任具有一定的参考作用和借鉴意义。     

Implementing cash for work programmes in post-tsunami Aceh: experiences and lessons learned

Cash for work (CFW) programmes are utilised in various disaster and emergency contexts and were a prominent component of the tsunami response in Aceh province, Indonesia. This paper describes Mercy Corps' CFW programme, discusses CFW implementation experiences and provides key recommendations for similar programmes in future emergencies. For the majority of CFW participants and their households, CFW was the only source of household income and 93 per cent of household incomes were attributable to it. The CFW programme empowered displaced populations to return to their communities; 91 per cent of participants indicated that CFW facilitated their return. Other reported psychosocial benefits included providing productive activities and giving communities an opportunity to work together. Mercy Corps' experience in Aceh demonstrates that cash disbursements can be safely delivered in a widespread manner in emergencies, and that when implemented on a short-term basis, can have positive impacts at the individual and community level.     

Fires, explosions and related incidents at work in Great Britain in 1996/97 and 1997/98

Incidents in Great Britain reported to the Health and Safety Executive during 1996/97 and 1997/98 involving fires, explosions, runaway chemical reactions and unignited releases of flammable materials are reviewed. Statistical comparisons are made against previous years based on the materials involved, and a number of common themes and causes are identified.     

Water Level Effects on Growth of Melaleuca Seedlings from Lake Okeechobee (Florida, USA) Littoral Zone

Melaleuca quinquenervia, is expanding rapidly throughout seasonally wet areas of southern Florida (USA), including the littoral zone of Lake Okeechobee. Natural resource managers are concerned that a lower lake level regulation schedule under consideration for Lake Okeechobee, while potentially beneficial to overall ecosystem health, might increase the rate of Melaleuca expansion. To investigate this possibility, Melaleuca saplings (harvested from the littoral zone) and 7-week-old seedlings (grown from harvested seeds) were subjected to various hydroperiod treatments in replicated mesocosms. Hydroperiod treatments were selected based on a simulation of historical water level variations. Saplings grew taller under longer hydroperiods with fluctuating water levels, including periods of submersion. Time since germination affected the response of seedlings to inundation. Submersed 7-week-old seedlings grew slower and had less biomass than submersed 12-week-old seedlings, yet mortality was low at both ages. Melaleuca's plasticity allows it to adapt to hypoxic, aquatic conditions by means of aquatic heterophylly and adventitious roots. Algae and drought also increased mortality. Based on faster growth of Melaleuca under longer hydroperiods and its adaptability to seasonal flooding, a lower lake regulation schedule may not stimulate its expansion. Therefore, water levels should not be manipulated only to control Melaleuca. Control of Melaleuca should continue using current practices such as manual removal or chemical treatment.     

我国企业安全生产培训工作问题及对策

目前我国的安全生产形势依然严峻，重、特大事故频频发生，其重要原因之一是企业职工安全生产意识淡薄。因此通过加强企业安全生产培训工作、提高安全生产培训质量来改善企业职工安全生产意识是安全生产工作中的一项重要任务。本文对中国企业安全生产培训工作存在的问题及如何搞好安全生产培训工作的主要对策进行了探讨。     

中国职业安全的现实问题

中国职业安全现实引起社会关注,特别是务工农民伤亡事故的数字背后,隐含着对职业安全的认识,职业人群的安全健康理念,职业安全健康的法规基础等深层次问题。笔者指出了现代职业安全存在的现实状况;提出需要关注的难点;强调人的安全健康是职业安全的实质;给出了职业安全与安全生产的差异,分析了务工农民的安全意识与安全文化冲突,呼吁职业安全需要法律保障,建立一体化的职业安全健康法律法规体系,以《宪法》为基础,以人为本,保护从业人员的安全健康。     

安全生产管理是企业的生存之本

阐述了安全生产管理在企业生存和发展中的重要性，并就如何提高安全生产管理工作提出了一些切实可行的建议和企业安全生产管理的基本原则和措施。     

学生工作中运用管理学基本知识的探讨

从管理学基本知识入手,谈运用管理学基本知识于学生工作中,尤其是在培养具有组织、协调和管理素质的学生干部来辅助老师开展学生工作或独立开展学生工作上运用管理学知识的探讨.