郑州市大气氨排放清单及驱动力分析

采用排放因子法建立郑州市分县区2017年大气氨排放清单,并实现1 km×1 km空间网格分配,同时进行2007～2017年氨排放趋势及1989～2017年氨排放驱动力相关性分析.结果表明,郑州市2017年氨排放量为18 143.3 t,排放强度为2.4t·km^-2,农业源为主要排放源(63.4%),逸散源次之(11.3%);农业源中畜禽养殖氨排放主要来自蛋禽、肉猪和奶牛养殖;排放量前三的区县为登封市、荥阳市和新密市,分别占总量的19.3%、16.5%和15.6%;空间上郑州市南部及中西部地区排放量较高,东北部地区排放量较小; 2007～2017年各区县氨排放整体呈下降趋势,1989～2017年郑州市氨排放呈类似环境库兹涅茨曲线趋势,即氨排放整体上随着人均GDP和城镇化率上升而先增加再下降.     

北京城市河流河水和沉积物中微塑料的组成与分布

微塑料已经被证实广泛存在于自然环境中,对生物和人类造成潜在危害,进行微塑料的赋存调研有助于了解城市河流河水和沉积物中微塑料的污染现状.以北京市北运河和怀河作为研究区域,共布设了8个水样点位和3个沉积物点位,研究并对比了北运河河水和沉积物以及怀河河水中微塑料丰度、粒径、颜色、形状和种类的组成与分布特征.结果表明,北运河河水中的微塑料丰度为(1 941±201)～(8 155±1 781) n·m^-3(n表示微塑料个数),平均丰度为4 160 n·m^-3;北运河沉积物中的微塑料丰度为(120±11)～(268±31) n·kg^-1.怀河河水中的微塑料污染程度低于北运河河水,微塑料的平均丰度为2 357n·m^-3.北运河上游河水和沉积物中微塑料的丰度高于下游,具有较明显的空间分布特征;怀河河水中的微塑料分布总体上无明显差异,但相距较远的两点位中微塑料的丰度之间具有显著差异.粒径、颜色和形状的分类统计结果显示,所有点位中微塑料的主要粒径区间为<300μm;白色/透明微塑料(50.75%～83.91%)...     

长江三角洲的的生产力布局、基础设施与城市发展

随着社会经济的发展，长江三角洲的生产力布局也发生相应的变化，针对其现状特征和发展动向，论述了生产力布局的基本框架以及相关的基础设施、城市发展等问题。     

OPTIMUM STORAGE VOLUME OF ROOFTOP RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEMS FOR DOMESTIC USE1

ABSTRACT: Major parameters and optimum storage volumes of rooftop rain water harvesting systems (RRWHSs) have not been investigated in detail in Taiwan. Accordingly, the four major parameters of RRWHSs were herein identified and elucidated using a simulation method. Because the performance of the RRWHSs is sensitive to the runoff coefficient, a field experiment was conducted to determine the runoff coefficient more precisely for various types of roofs. A simulation model including production theory was developed and employed to estimate the most cost effective combination of the roof area and the storage capacity that best supplies a specific volume of water. Consequently, the expansion path of optimum solutions for different volumetric reliability of water supply can be determined. Additionally, the method based on the marginal rate of substitution can be used for determining the rational volumetric reliability. The procedures developed herein constitute an effective tool for preliminarily estimating the most satisfactory storage capacity of any specific roof area and for determining the rational reliability of a corresponding water supply.     

城市化与城市生态环境关系研究综述与评价

国外自19世纪末期开始开展城市化与城市生态环境关系的研究，经历了起源阶段、展开阶段和多元化阶段。主要从环境经济学、环境科学和卫生科学、可持续和生态学角度展开研究。国内的研究从20世纪70年代开始，进展较快。主要研究内容包括城市化引起的城市生态环境效应。城市社会、经济、环境的协调发展。可持续城市、生态城市和健康城市等。文章归纳和分析了东西方的界入视角和关注重点。并指出研究中仍存在不足。     

城市空间结构生态化基本原理研究

本文在论述生态化研究在全球经济、社会与城市等领域的普遍性和城市空间结构生态化的涵义及其研究的重要性的基础上，从空间结构状态原理、空间结构效率原理、空间结构关系原理、空间结构发展原理四个方面阐述了城市空间结构生态化的基本原理。     

Ecological analysis of disturbed riverbanks in the Montréal area of Québec

In revegetation trials on disturbed riverbank sites in the Montréal region (Québec, Canada), an analysis of their structure by means of their biotic and abiotic components was undertaken. Vegetation sampling and physical surveys, together with soil analyses of 62 stands, grouped in 20 sectors, were carried out in the summer of 1986. The statistical analyses of biotic and abiotic data were executed in parallel by a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (arithmetic average clustering) and by an ordination in reduced space (principal coordinate analysis). The species colonizing these riverbanks are, for the most part, ruderals from the Montréal region, of which more than 50% are introduced species. The pioneering communities characterizing these artificial habitats have had very little impact on the physical conditions of their environment; therefore, the ordination on the plant communities proves to be strongly correlated to the ordination stemming from the abiotic components. The statistical analysis retains the original sectors, underlining the fact that each human intervention generally results in the creation of a particular ecological situation.     

城市可持续发展的综合评价

本文从可持续发展概念出发，建立了城市的发展持续度、发展协调度和发展水平综合评价的指标体系，应用模糊综合评价法和层次分析法，对乌鲁木齐市、新疆、全国城市可持续发展进行了定量评价，并确定了可持续发展目标伍，为城市可持续发展评价理论研究提供了科学依据。     

南水北调西线工程对解决受水区生态环境问题的意义

南水北调西线工程是一项跨流域的大型调水工程，对解决我国西北、华北部分地区严重干旱缺水，促进黄河上中游地区的资源开发和经济持续快速发展，及其生态环境的改善具有重大意义。本文着重分析了调水工程对受水区生态环境的有利影响，指出调水工程将增加受水区的河川径流量，改善水环境；提高植被覆盖率，遏制并治理水土流失和土地沙漠化；减少自然灾害，改善农业生态环境和当地居民的生存环境。     

Behaviour of Chemical Elements in Plants and Soils

Neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of the elemental composition of different plants and soils. Variations in concentrations of elements during the day were found. Mean concentrations, standard deviations and relationships between elements in soils and different parts of plants were studied. It was shown that the behaviour of chemical elements in samples from urban and unpolluted areas have significant differences.