GAC-石英砂滤池处理高氨氮原水的生产研究

以广州市珠江流溪河下游为水源,采用GAC-石英砂滤池处理沉淀池出水,研究了该工艺对枯水期高氨氮原水的去除规律及其影响因素。结果表明:GAC-石英砂滤池滤与普通砂滤池相比氨氮的去除显著提高,滤后水氨氮平均值为2.08mg/L,去除量约为1.0mg/L,去除率为33.8%。研究显示氨氮处理效果受余氯的灭菌作用、溶解氧不足、原水水质下降、pH值不足、活性炭滤料吸附性能下降、空床接触时间短、反冲洗周期与强度的影响。建议降低前投氯而加强后投氯量,同时使用无氯水进行反冲洗;保持滤后水溶解氧在2～4mg/L且pH值7.5;延长反冲洗周期至36h;适当降低运行负荷可提高GAC-石英砂滤池对氨氮的去除效果。     

曝气生物滤池在印染废水处理中的应用

采用曝气生物滤池工艺处理印染废水的二级生化出水。废水COD浓度从进水90～140mg/L降到80mg/L以下,色度从32倍降到16倍以下,排放水质稳定达到广东省《水污染排放限值DB44/26-2001》第一时段一级标准。通过近半年的试验表明,曝气生物滤池工艺具有占地面积少、运行稳定、成本低、出水水质好等优点,在印染废水后段深度处理中有重要的作用。     

高级氧化-BAF深度处理焦化废水

采用O3+BAF和Fenton+BAF两种工艺去除焦化废水中经生物处理后的残余污染物,考察了O3浓度、pH值、亚铁/双氧水配比、双氧水加入量、曝气时间等影响因素。结果表明,当臭氧加入量为800mg/L,BAF曝气时间为18h,双氧水加入量为0.5mL/L,亚铁为2g/L,出水COD都低于70mg/L,色度低于50倍,达到一级排放标准。     

流化BAF处理生活污水的研究

曝气生物滤池是一种新型的水处理技术。选择海绵块作为曝气生物滤池的填料,研究了此种海棉块在曝气生物滤池内的挂膜效果．讨论了不同的水力停留时间对曝气生物滤池处理生活污水效果的影响。结果表明,水力停留时间对处理效能有较明显的影响．缩短水力停留时间使反应器对COD、氨氮和悬浮物的去除率下降。     

Gaseous emissions from weaned pigs raised on different floor systems

Gaseous emissions from agriculture contribute to a number of environmental effects. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are greenhouse gases taking part to the global problem of climate change. Ammonia (NH₃) emissions are responsible of soil acidification and eutrophication and contribute also to indirect emissions of N₂O. This work evaluated the influence of the type of floor on the emissions of these gases in the raising of weaned pigs. Two trials were carried out. In the first trial, the animals were kept either on fully slatted floor or on straw-based deep litter and, in the second one, either on fully slatted floor or on sawdust-based deep litter. For each trial and on each type of floor, 2 successive batches of weaned pigs were raised without changing the litter or emptying the slurry pit between the 2 batches. The rooms were automatically ventilated to maintain a constant ambient temperature.The performance of the animals was not significantly different according to the floor type. In trial 1, the nitrogen contents of the straw deep litter (including the substrate) and slurry were respectively 276 and 389 g pig⁻¹. In trial 2, the sawdust deep litter and slurry nitrogen contents were respectively 122 and 318 g pig⁻¹.Raising pigs on straw deep litter produced proportionately around 100% more NH₃ than raising pigs on slatted floor (0.61 g NH₃-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 0.31 g NH₃-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.05). Differences in CO₂, H₂O and CH₄ emissions were not significant between systems. Raising pigs on sawdust deep litter produced also proportionately more NH₃ (+52%; 0.55 g NH₃-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 0.36 g NH₃-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.01) but also more CO₂ (+25%; 427 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 341 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.001) and H₂O (+65%; 981 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 593 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.001) and less CH₄ (−40%; 0.52 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ vs. 0.86 g d⁻¹ pig⁻¹; P < 0.001) than raising pigs on slatted floor. Practically no N₂O emission was observed from rooms with slatted floor while the N₂O emissions were 0.03 and 0.32 g N₂O-N d⁻¹ pig⁻¹ for the straw and sawdust deep litter respectively. The warming potential of the greenhouse gases (N₂O + CH₄), were about 22, 34 and 168 g CO₂ equivalents per day and per pig on fully slatted floor, straw or sawdust deep litter respectively.In conclusion, pollutant gas emissions from rearing of weaned pig seem lower with fully slatted plastic floor system than with deep litter systems.     

生活污水中环境雌激素的厌氧消化行为特征及环境风险评价

为了研究生活污水中典型环境雌激素（estrogenic endocrine disruptors, EEDs）在上流式厌氧污泥床（upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB）和厌氧滤池（anaerobic filter, AF）中的行为特征和去除机制,采用固相萃取（SPE）LC/MS/MS分析方法,测定了9种EEDs的浓度和污泥吸附量,利用壬基酚当量（nonylphenol equivalent quantity, NEQ）进行了环境风险评价.结果表明,厌氧污泥对各EEDs的吸附能力与该物质的lgK_ow煤头肿映ざ认喙兀籙ASB对雌二醇（E2）和大豆苷元的去除率分别达83.2%和90.4%,AF对染料木素的去除率达81.6%; 9种EEDs在UASB和AF中的污泥水分配系数（K_p）分别为0.15～23.3和0.05～159.67;综合分析去除率和K_p值数据,揭示了生物降解是大豆苷元、染料木素、双酚A（BPA）和雌三醇（E3）的主要去除途径;出水的NEQ均小于美国EPA的壬基酚水质标准（28　μg·L^－１,小时平均浓度标准）,表明EEDs经厌氧处理后其环境风险有所降低.     

固定化微生物技术处理城市微污染河水研究

将陶粒、功能化聚氨酯泡沫(FPUFS)、阿科蔓柔性填料、人工水草等4种不同载体与高效复合菌剂BP35应用于曝气生物滤池(BAF)构成固定化曝气生物滤池(G-BAF),研究固定化微生物技术对城市微污染河水的净化效果.4种G-BAF对NH4+-N、叶绿素和浊度的去除率分别为83.0%~89.0%、77.5%~89.0%和84.4%~95.2%,均大于对COD、UV254和TP的去除效果.FPUFS含有羟基、环氧基和酰胺基等反应性基团,对酶和微生物的负载量大,因此FPUFS-G-BAF对污染物的去除效率高于其余3种G-BAF.水力停留时间(HRT)对4种G-BAF去除NH4+-N的影响均不显著,而对COD的去除效果影响较大.当溶解氧(DO)浓度由2 mg/L升至4 mg/L时,4种G-BAF对COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别提高了11.9%~18.0%和12.7%~16.1%.GC-MS分析结果表明,G-BAF工艺能有效地将河水中分子质量较大的难降解有机物降解为小分子物质.     

动态渗透压力法研究水处理滤料的润湿性

润湿性是水处理滤料的一个十分重要的表面性质.以Washburn方程为原理,用动态渗透压力法研究了无烟煤、铝矾土陶瓷及磁铁矿滤料的亲油亲水润湿性.实验结果表明,方法的重现性较好,误差在10%以内.当滤料的粒径范围在0.6～0.9mm之间时.以该法测得无烟煤、铝矾土陶瓷及磁铁矿滤料的亲油亲水比(LHR)值依次为2.511、1.748和1.317,说明无烟煤滤料的亲油性最好,铝矾土陶瓷次之,而磁铁矿的亲油性最差.XPS和FTIR分析结果表明,无烟煤、铝矾土陶瓷及磁铁矿滤料润湿性差别主要归因于其表面化学结构的不同.     

密闭铁合金电炉煤气干法净化技术

阐述了密闭铁合金电炉煤气干法净化的目的和意义,介绍了铁合金煤气干法净化新工艺和主要设备,强调了煤气干法净化系统操作要点。运行试验表明,该干法工艺净化效率高,节能40%以上,节水90%,是未来铁合金煤气净化的主流技术。     

基于Miseq测序与碳平衡的生物滴滤床降解甲苯研究

在甲苯进气浓度为1 640 mg/m3,进气负荷为198.11 g/(m3·h),系统停留时间(EBRT)为30 s的条件下,生物滴滤床对甲苯的去除率达到84%,去除负荷为166.41 g/(m3·h)。碳平衡计算表明:22.27%的输入碳源为微生物所同化,59.52%的碳以CO2形式排出,仅有2.46%的碳溶于营养液中。在出口气体中,以CO2形式存在的碳占79.08%,其余则以甲苯形式存在。经Miseq-16S rRNA测序平台分析可知,该生物反应器中的优势菌属为假单胞菌、丛毛单胞菌和红球菌属,优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门和酸杆菌门。其中,变形菌门和拟杆菌门在反应器中所占比例在经过驯化之后显示出相反的变化趋势。