On the response of 500 gal propane tanks to a 25% engulfing fire

This paper presents detailed data on the thermal response of two 500 gal ASME code propane tanks that were 25% engulfed in a hydrocarbon fire. These tests were done as part of an overall test programme to study thermal protection systems for propane-filled railway tank-cars.

The fire was generated using an array of 25 liquid propane-fuelled burners. This provided a luminous fire that engulfed 25% of the tank surface on one side. The intent of these tests was to model a severe partially engulfing fire situation.

The paper presents data on the tank wall and lading temperatures and tank internal pressure. In the first test the wind reduced the fire heating and resulted in a late failure of the tank at 46 min. This tank failed catastrophically with a powerful boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE). In the other test, the fire heating was very severe and steady and this tank failed very quickly in 8 min as a finite rupture with massive two-phase jet release. The reasons for these different outcomes are discussed. The different failures provide a range of realistic outcomes for the subject tank and fire condition.     

干式烟气脱硫对除尘器性能影响的分析

简单介绍了喷雾干燥法，炉内喷钙法，循环流化床脱硫法的工艺流程，讨论了这3种脱硫系统运行后除尘器入口处烟尘浓度、烟气温度、湿度和粉尘比电阻、粒径、粘性等性质的变化，以及对静电除尘器和布袋除尘器的不同影响。     

新型纤维滤料的研究及应用

随着我国油田相继进入开发后期,传统的滤料及设备过滤精度已不能满足注水的要求。因此,研究并开发了具有一定抗油污能力的新型过滤材料,设计了新型的超精细过滤器系列产品。对滤料进行的室内实验结果表明,在开始过滤的近10h内,过滤后的水中含油量基本上满足注水的水质要求。在开始过滤的近20h内,滤层的水头损失随时间的变化较为平缓;随着过滤时间的延长,水头损失变化加剧。从现场实验可以看出,所设计的过滤器有良好的过滤性能和抗冲击能力。新型过滤材料的研究成功解决了油田含油污水精细过滤的问题,新型过滤器也是含油污水超精细过滤的理想产品。     

浅析分布式防火墙技术

随着计算机网络的不断发展,现有的防火墙体系已不能满足要求,发展新的网络防火墙技术已非常重要.分布式防火墙具有明显的防护优势,了解分布式防火墙技术,并在实际应Ζ用中用好它,已成为保障我们网络安全的必要.     

用超滤膜分离技术从洗毛废水中回收羊毛脂

洗毛废水中含有重要的工业原料羊毛脂,不做回收处理排放到环境中就是＂三废＂,既污染了环境又浪费了资源.介绍了用超滤膜从洗毛废水中回收羊毛脂的工艺技术,经处理的洗毛废水CODcr去除率达95.5%,BOD5去除率达93.1%,有效的回收了羊毛脂,经济效益良好,符合国家环保产业政策.     

不同CDPF贵金属负载量对柴油公交车VOCs组分排放影响

基于重型底盘测功机,利用质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)研究了柴油公交车在中国典型城市公交车循环(CCBC)下,不同CDPF贵金属负载量对尾气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)组分排放特性的影响.结果表明,柴油公交车VOCs主要组分为含氧有机物(OVOCs)、芳香烃和烯烃等,且OVOCs占比达50%以上;在贵金属成分、配比相同时,VOCs减排率随CDPF贵金属负载量增加而增加:贵金属负载量为15 g·ft~(-3)(A型后处理装置)、25 g·ft~(-3)(B型)和35 g·ft~(-3)(C型)时,VOCs总量的减排率依次为36.2%、40.1%和41.4%.C型后处理装置对烷烃全循环减排率高达70.2%,且对OVOCs的催化有微弱优势;对于不饱和烃类,3种不同贵金属负载量的后处理装置均有一定催化效果,但无明显差异;A型对含氮有机物减排率可达50.5%,但减排率随贵金属负载量增加而降低.采用DOC+CDPF后能较好地降低公交车VOCs排放量进而降低臭氧生成潜势(OFP).同时考虑不同方案减排效果与成本因素,当加权系数分别为0.8和0.2时,B型为最优方案.     

Bioavailability of wastewater derived dissolved organic nitrogen to green microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Chlorella vulgaris with/without presence of bacteria

Effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is problematic in nutrient sensitive surface waters and needs to be reduced to meet demanding total dissolved nitrogen discharge limits. Bioavailable DON (ABDON) is a portion of DON utilized by algae or algae + bacteria,while biodegradable DON (BDON) is a portion of DON decomposable by bacteria. ABDON and BDON in a two-stage trickling filter (TF) wastewater treatment plant was evaluated using three different microalgal species, Selenastrum capricornutum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris and mixed cultured bacteria. Results showed that up to 80% of DON was bioavailable to algae or algae + bacteria inoculum while up to 60% of DON was biodegradable in all the samples. Results showed that C. reinhardtii and C. vulgaris can be used as a test species the same as S. capricornutum since there were no significant differences among these three algae species based on their ability to remove nitrogen species.     

野外环境生长的薰衣草精油抑菌作用测定方法比较研究

采用滤纸片法和混合法对野外环境生长的薰衣草精油的抑菌作用进行了研究,并对两种试验方法进行了比较,测定了最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),以期充分发挥薰衣草精油的抑菌作用.滤纸片法结果表明:薰衣草精油对多数实验菌都有抑菌作用,对枯草杆菌则未表现出抑制作用;混合法实验显示:薰衣草精油对实验菌均有抑菌作用,精油浓度与抑菌作用成线性相关,抑菌作用较滤纸片法效果更好.在使用时,可用于表面喷涂、熏蒸,还可将精油作为安全的食品添加剂,提高食品的保鲜效果,保证其品质.     

海水生物滤器氨氮沿程转化规律模型

生物滤器是海水循环水养殖系统中的核心水处理单元,其主要用于去除对养殖生物有害的氨氮、有机物等.本研究基于吸附原理和一级反应生物膜理论构建了氨氮在生物滤器中沿程转化规律的数学模型,并通过实验加以验证.实验所用生物滤器采用竹制空心生化球填料,装填高度为70 cm,在pH为7.1～7.6,DO为5～7 mg.L-1,气水比20∶1左右,有机负荷约为4g.(m3.h)-1,水力停留时间(HRT)为1 h条件下,生物滤器中氨氮的去除主要发生在填料高度0～10 cm处,10～70 cm处氨氮去除量很少.进水氨氮质量浓度的增大和水力停留时间的降低都会导致出水氨氮质量浓度增大.此外,模型对进水氨氮质量浓度较低时的沿程出水氨氮质量浓度具有很好的预测效果;当进水氨氮质量浓度较高时,预测值略低于实际结果.     

高浓度制药废水处理技术的研发及应用

制药废水组成复杂,污染物浓度高,污水CODcr浓度达10000mg/l,含有大量有毒、有害物质。本中采用催化氧化预处理+水解酸化+UASB+接触氧化+炭滤吸附的工艺流程,通过改善细部参数及改良配套设备设计,提高了各单元去除效率,降低了能耗及处理成本,出水CODcr浓度达到污水综合排放标准.