缓解西北地区缺水问题的新途径

根据虚拟水与水足迹的理论与计算方法，对我国西北和中部地区虚拟水含量进行研究。首先计算2000年江西省主要农产品虚拟水含量和城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量，得出粮食作物的虚拟水含量为28481×108 m3；城镇居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水量为76827 m3；农村居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水含量为67017 m3。然后在前人计算结果的基础上，将江西省与陕西省的城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量进行比较分析，发现城镇居民人均消费粮食虚拟水含量都低于农村居民，陕西省居民人均消费虚拟水含量中粮食虚拟水含量比重大于江西省居民。通过进一步研究居民的消费结构，得出调整区域生产与消费结构，增加虚拟水贸易，是缓解我国西北地区水资源短缺与社会经济发展矛盾的新途径的结论，并指出调整农村消费结构的关键是提高农业生产的机械化。〖     

Bearing Witness? Polar Bears as Icons for Climate Change Communication in National Geographic

This article investigates how polar bears were established as icons of climate change in the popular science magazine National Geographic. In a multistep process, anthropomorphized depictions first established polar bears as subjects of identification. Then, polar bears were visually connected to the endangered Arctic. Finally, they emerged as ambassadors of a threatened ecosystem and icons of climate change. I highlight the wider political contexts of this process of iconization and the semiotic and cultural resources on which it draws, showing what kind of climate change communication the polar bear icon enables or inhibits. The icon lends itself to being deployed in visual communication strategies creating personal concern and public awareness for climate change. At the same time, the icon fosters an individualized, emotionalized, and localized account of climate change but does not make its wider causes visible.     

Information presentation compatibility in a simple digital control panel design: eye-tracking study

Various designs of typical digital control panels were analyzed experimentally from both the effectiveness and efficiency points of view. Subjects performed information comparison tasks aimed at keeping vehicle velocity at the same level. The experiment involved two versions of speedometers for displaying current and target velocities (clock-face and digital). The stimuli were also differentiated by the target velocity value (20, 50 and 80?km/h) and the correct response type (increase or decrease). Subjects’ performance results along with the eye-tracking data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for all 24 experimental conditions.     

塔机驾驶员的持续性视觉注意负荷研究

为提高塔机作业安全工效,基于视觉心理学、认知心理学理论,利用眼动追踪技术记录驾驶员视觉行为数据,分析和评估塔机驾驶员视觉转移过程的表征参数,结果表明:起重作业过程中驾驶员注视时间长,视知觉资源主要集中于起吊物,保持持续性注意状态,以维持高效起重作业,心理负荷较大;起重作业不同子过程注视时间与瞳孔直径差异较大,在空中平移过程中注意力较为分散,瞳孔直径较小,心理负荷较小。据此,提出了塔机起重作业的人因工效改善方向,为起重作业安全实施提供决策支持。     

虎纹蛙（RANA RUGULOSA）视网膜结构与环境适应性的研究

在光镜和电镜下观察了虎纹蛙（Rana rugulosa)视多膜的组织结构,着重探讨了色素细胞和视细胞的形态结构。视网膜中三个核层及两个网状层分布均匀,无中央凹。色素细胞内含有大量的脂滴、色素颗粒、髓样体和形状各异的溶酶体等。视细胞由视杆细胞和视锥细胞组成,视杆细胞占多数。在视网膜中央区,视杆细胞数与视锥细胞数之比为1：1;在周缘区,两者数量之比为3：1,视杆细胞外段呈高柱状,体积远远大于视锥细胞外段,肌样体内有大量的微管。视锥细胞外段呈矮锥形,椭圆体内有一球状小体。视细胞与节细胞数量之比为3．68：1。结果表明,虎纹蛙视网膜结构特征与其生活于田间、山涧等弱光环境和捕食习性是相适应的。图版1（图1－图10）表2参14     

Adequacy of Visually Classified Particle Count Statistics From Regional Stream Habitat Surveys1

Abstract: Streamlined sampling procedures must be used to achieve a sufficient sample size with limited resources in studies undertaken to evaluate habitat status and potential management‐related habitat degradation at a regional scale. At the same time, these sampling procedures must achieve sufficient precision to answer science and policy‐relevant questions with an acceptable and statistically quantifiable level of uncertainty. In this paper, we examine precision and sources of error in streambed substrate characterization using data from the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which uses a modified “pebble count” method in which particle sizes are visually estimated rather than measured. While the coarse (2?) size classes used in EMAP have little effect on the precision of estimated geometric mean (D_gm) or median (D₅₀) particle diameter, variable classification bias among observers can contribute as much as 0.3?, or about 15‐20%, to the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of D_gm or D₅₀ estimates. D_gm and D₅₀ estimates based on EMAP data are nearly equal when fine sediments (<2 mm) are excluded, but otherwise can differ by up to a factor of 2 or more, with D_gm < D₅₀ for gravel‐bed streams. The RMSE of reach‐scale particle size estimates based on visually classified particle count data from EMAP surveys, including variability associated with reoccupying unmarked sample reaches during revisits, is up to five to seven times higher than that reported for traditional measured pebble counts by multiple observers at a plot scale. Nonetheless, a variance partitioning analysis shows that the ratio of among site to revisit variance for several EMAP substrate metrics exceeds 8 for many potential regions of interest, suggesting that the data have adequate precision to be useful in regional assessments of channel morphology, habitat quality, or ecological condition.     

基于SolidWorks采用Visual C++开发模具标准件库

介绍了在目前流行的三维特征造型系统SolidWorks的基础上,采用Microsoft Visual C++ 作为开发语言进行二次开发的原理,并用实例介绍了开发标准件库的方法.     

基于VB的LIMS系统废气污染源数据快速录入方法研究

Laboratory Information Management System(LIMS)系统集中应用于实验室分析阶段,而在现场监测数据管理上依然存在不足,现场监测数据信息量大,LIMS系统暂未开发配套的数据便捷录入方式,而手动录入费时费力,故基于LIMS系统的监测数据快速录入问题亟待解决.该文以废气污染源数据为切入点,利用LIMS系统数据表导出功能,通过Visual Basic(VB)语言实现了废气污染源数据的LIMS系统快速录入,取代了手工数据录入方式,实现了针对LIMS系统数据管理的进一步优化,该文还就监测数据便捷录入发展阶段展开论述.     

基于AE的燃气管网事故分析模块设计与实现

随着城市燃气管网的飞速发展,在役燃气管道的安全问题日益突出,针对燃气事故致因及后果,基于ArcGIS网络模型,运用GIS网络拓扑分析、空间数据库等技术,设计利用管网网络模型实现管网事故分析方法,并结合C#+ArcEngine编程技术实现燃气管网事故分析模块,该模块实现爆管分析、燃气泄漏扩散范围分析、最优路径分析、连通性...     

The Effects of Hearing Protectors on Auditory Localization: Evidence From Audio-Visual Target Acquisitioi

Response times (RT) in an audio-visual target acquisition task were collected from 3 participants while wearing either circumaural earmuffs, foam earplugs, or no hearing protection. Analyses revealed that participants took significantly longer to locate and identify an audio-visual target in both hearing protector conditions than they did in the unoccluded condition, suggesting a disturbance of the cues used by listeners to localize sounds in space. RTs were significantly faster in both hearing protector conditions than in a non-audio control condition, indicating that auditory localization was not completely disrupted. Results are discussed in terms of safety issues involved with wearing hearing protectors in an occupational environment.