电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定磷生铁中的Mn、P、Si

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）法测定磷生铁中3种元素Mn、P、Si的定量分析方法.通过试验选择257.610nm、185.942nm、212.412nm分别作为Mn、P、Si的分析谱线,无需进行光谱干扰校正.实验结果表明,各元素分析谱线线性相关系数大于0.9990.方法用于高磷铸铁标准物质分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.21％ （Mn） ～1.8％ （P）范围.     

气相防锈剂在牵引电机制造过程中的应用

本文通过防锈性能试验(湿热试验)、防锈理化性能试验、实际验证试验研究了可剥离塑胶气雾剂(Y1)、气相防锈粉(Y2)、快干型防锈油(F1)以及气相防锈剂(F2)四种气相防锈剂对牵引电机产品材料的防锈效果,结果表明:Y1防锈效果好,但理化性能差;Y2不可长时间与明水接触,适用于短期防锈的产品;F1涂刷时应注意涂抹均匀,不可漏涂,适用于中短期防锈的产品;F2防锈效果最好,在高湿环境下防锈效果尤为突出,适用于长期防锈的产品。从而为牵引电机产品工序寻找出了合适的气相防锈剂,解决了牵引电机等产品制造工序中防锈需求问题。     

广州土壤中短链氯化石蜡的含量水平和分布特征

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是一类新的持久性有机污染物(POPs),目前我国相关研究较少。为了解SCCPs在土壤中的污染现状和分布特征,测定了24个广州土样(含3个剖面采样点)中SCCPs的含量,分析了其同族体分布模式。结果表明:广州表层土壤中SCCPs的含量变化范围为6.8～541.2ng/g,均值为79.6ng/g;剖面土壤中SCCPs的含量范围为7.5～115.8ng/g,均值为33.1ng/g。不同类型土壤中SCCPs各同系物组分的分布模式相似,以碳原子数为10和11的Cl6-SCCPs/Cl7-SCCPs为主。     

利用细菌表面展示技术构建镉耐受性的重组根瘤菌

通过细菌表面展示功能基因InaXN、猴金属硫蛋白α亚基四聚体MT4α和两种启动子PnifH及Plac元件,分别构建两个重组质粒pTNIM和pBLIM.进一步通过三亲本杂交,将重组质粒分别导入费氏中华根瘤菌HN01,分别构建获得诱导表达型重组菌HN01(pTNIM)和组成表达型重组菌HN01(pBLIM).在培养条件下比较测定重组菌和出发菌对镉的吸附能力和耐受性,结果表明,组成表达型重组菌HN01(pBLIM)在上述两个方面的能力得到明显增强,对镉的吸附富集能力提高了2倍.研究还发现重组根瘤菌也具有很好的静态吸附效果.盆栽实验结果表明,接种诱导表达型重组菌HN01(pTNIM)的大豆根瘤和根中Cd2+的富集量均明显高于野生菌株HN01.本实验为后续探索重组根瘤菌与宿主植物共生体系在Cd2+污染土壤修复中的应用前景奠定了基础.     

Production of N2O in two biologic nitrogen removal processes: a comparison between conventional and short-cut nitrogen removal processes

The N2O production in two nitrogen removal processes treating domestic wastewater was investigated in laboratory-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）. Results showed that N2O emission happened in the aerobic phase rather than in the anoxic phase. During the aerobic phase, the nitrogen conversion to N2O gas was 27.7% and 36.8% of NH＋-N loss for conventional biologic N-removal process and short-cut biologic N-removal process. The dissolved N2O was reduced to N2 in the anoxic denitrification phase. The N2O production rate increased with the increasing of nitrite concentration and ceased when NH＋-N oxidation was terminated. Higher nitrite accumulation resulted in higher NEO emission in the short-cut nitrogen removal process. Pulse-wise addition of 20 mg NO2 -N. L- 1 gave rise to 3-fold of N2O emission in the conventional N-removal process, while little change happened with 20 mg NOS-N L-1 was added to SBR1.     

Adsorption of Cr(Ⅲ) from acidic solutions by crop straw derived biochars

Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption by biochars generated from peanut, soybean, canola and rice straws is investigated with batch methods. Adsorption of Cr（Ⅲ） increased as pH rose from 2.5 to 5.0. Adsorption of Cr（Ⅲ） led to peak position shifts in the FFIR-PAS spectra of the biochars and made zeta potential values less negative, suggesting the formation of surface complexes between Cr^3＋ and functional groups on the biochars. The adsorption capacity of Cr（Ⅲ） followed the order： peanut straw char 〉 soybean straw char 〉 canola straw char 〉 rice straw char, which was consistent with the content of acidic functional groups on the biochars. The increase in Cr^3＋ hydrolysis as the pH rose was one of the main reasons for the increased adsorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by the biochars at higher pH values. Cr（llI） can be adsorbed by the biochars through electrostatic attraction between negative surfaces and Cr^3＋, but the relative contribution of electrostatic adsorption was less than 5%. Therefore, Cr（Ⅲ） was mainly adsorbed by the biochars through specific adsorption. The Langumir and Freundlich equations fitted the adsorption isotherms well and can therefore be used to describe the adsorption behavior of Cr（Ⅲ） by the crop straw biochars. The crop straw biochars have great adsorption capacities for Cr（Ⅲ） under acidic conditions and can be used as adsorbents to remove Cr（Ⅲ） from acidic wastewaters.     

Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛烷磺酸盐的吸附

采用共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒的粒径、形貌和磁性进行表征并研究Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛磺酸盐的吸附。结果表明:在PFOS初始浓度4 mg/L,pH为3,反应时间24 h,Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒投加量1.25 g/L,对全氟辛磺酸盐去除率达到90%。Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对PFOS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附方程。     

场地含水层氯代烃污染物自然衰减机制与纳米铁修复技术的研究进展

综述了国际上典型工业场地有机溶剂污染物在地下水中的自然衰减机制及修复技术的研究现状和发展趋势.场地地下水修复技术从抽出-处理发展到治理污染源区和污染羽的纳米铁技术,涌现出-大批较为成熟的联合化学与微生物修复技术,其中潜力较大的有治理污染羽的渗透反应墙、原位化学氧化、原位化学还原、微生物强化降解及基于监测的自然衰减等.文...     

离子液体对废旧印刷线路板中铜、锌、铅的浸出规律

以离子液体1-丁基磺酸-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲烷磺酸盐([BSO_3HMIm]OTf)为浸出剂,初步研究了WPCBs浸铜过程中锌和铅浸出率的影响因素。实验结果表明:铜、锌的浸出率随着WPCBs粒径的减小、H_2O_2溶液加入量的增大而增大,铜的浸出率随浸出温度的升高先增大后减小,锌的浸出率受浸出温度影响不大;铅的浸出率受5种因素影响不大,且总体处于较低水平。在WPCBs粒径为0.100~0.250 mm、离子液体加入量为60.0%(φ)、H_2O_2溶液加入量为7.5%(φ)、固液比为1∶15、浸出温度为50℃的条件下,铜、锌、铅的浸出率分别为99.84%,93.25%,22.46%。     

粉煤灰微珠负载碘氧化铋复合催化剂的光催化性能

在固体废弃物粉煤灰微珠(FACs)上负载BiOI,通过水热法制备了BiOI/FACs复合催化剂。运用XRD、SEM、EDS、UV-VisDRS等技术对复合催化剂进行了分析表征。表征结果显示:FACs为壁薄中空的球形,粒径约100μm,壁厚约为3μm;BiOI为片状,直径约2μm,颗粒团聚成球花状;球花状的BiOI负载在FACs表面;BiOI/FACs复合催化剂主要含Fe、Si、Al、Bi、I、O等元素。BiOI/FACs复合光催化剂具有较高的可见光催化活性,禁带宽度为1.74 eV。采用4 g/L的BiOI/FACs复合催化剂处理10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,在300 W氙灯照射240 min后,亚甲基蓝去除率达91%。重复使用4次亚甲基蓝去除率仍达80%。