钢渣吸附-微波降解法处理碱性品红废水

研究了钢渣对碱性品红染料的吸附性能、影响因素以及微波对吸附在钢渣-焦炭上的染料的降解作用。实验表明,在中性条件下,钢渣对碱性品红具有优良的吸附性能,饱和吸附量可达到42．4mg／g。以钢渣处理质量浓度为100mg/L的碱性品红溶液,当固液质量比为1：50、振荡吸附1h后,染料溶液脱色率达97％。实验还表明,焦炭可吸收微波产生高温,用钢渣-焦炭混合物（质量比1：1）吸附染料后,以微波辐照可使物料达到665℃的高温,吸附的染料降解。吸附剂再生后重复使用4次,脱色率都达到95％以上。     

液膜分离技术处理含Cr6+废水的研究

采用液膜分离技术处理Cr^6＋质量浓度为200—1000mg／L的废水,考察了膜溶剂、载体、内水相、外水相、pH、乳水比（乳液与废水的体积比）等因素对处理效果的影响,通过正交实验得出最佳实验条件。结果表明,在膜溶剂为煤油、载体为三辛胺、内水相为氯氧化钠、氢氧化钠质量分数为2％、pn为1、乳水比为1：4的最佳条件下,Cr^6＋的去除率可达98．4％。     

负载稀土元素活性碳纤维在微型反应器中净化NO废气

以NH3为还原剂,以活性碳纤维（ACF）、HNO,浸渍的ACF、负载CuO的ACF和负载La2O3的ACF为催化剂,在微型反应器中考察各种催化剂对NO催化还原的活性,并进行了差热-热重、扫描电镜分析。实验结果表明,ACF负载La能有效地改善催化剂的活性,且催化活性中心为非晶态的氧化物;当ACF负载20％的La2O3时具有最好的低温活性,NO的去除率最高可达92％以上。     

新型聚硅氯化铁铝絮凝剂的制备及性能

以二甲基二氯硅烷为硅源,与氯化铁、氯化铝聚合制得新型的聚硅氯化铁铝（PSFAC）絮凝剂,考察了制备条件及PSFAC对含油废水和药厂废水的絮凝效果。制备PSFAC的最佳条件：nFc：nAl为0．4,nSi：n（Al＋Fe）为0．1,碱化度为2．0,C（Al,Fe）、为0．1mol／L,熟化时间为1-2d。当PSFAC加入量为10mg／L时,对含油废水、药厂废水的浊度去除率分别为84％和86％。PSFAC具有加入量少、沉降速度快、适用的pH范围较宽等优点。     

脱除SO2活性炭的再生方法

分别用溶剂和气体对脱除SO2后失活的活性炭进行了再生。在固定床反应器上考察了再生后活性炭的脱硫性能。实验结果表明：用溶剂再生时,质量分数为60％的HNO3溶液的再生效果最好,活性炭的再生率达到80％以上。用气体再生时,400℃左右时的再生效果最好,活性炭的再生率达到70％以上。再生后活性炭的比表面积和pH是衡量活性炭再生效果的重要参数。在实际脱硫生产中,用H2O对失活活性炭进行反复洗涤再生,是一种经济、实用的方法,活性炭的再生率达60％以上。     

用生物填料塔处理三甲胺废气

为解决废气中有机胺类物质的恶臭污染问题,采用自制生物填料塔处理三甲胺废气,考察了生物填料塔运行的主要影响因素及对三甲胺废气的净化效果。实验结果表明,在进气中三甲胺质量浓度为80.00mg/m3、气体流量为0.3m3/h(停留时间不小于30s)、循环液喷淋密度为0.5m3/(m2.h)的条件下,三甲胺去除率达99.9%,净化后气体能达到国家二级排放标准;生物填料塔对三甲胺的总去除量与容积负荷呈直线关系,相关系数达0.9949,表明三甲胺废气的生物净化效果显著。     

生物还原-化学沉淀法自烟气中的SO2制备ZnS

采用生物还原—化学沉淀法自烟气中的SO2制备ZnS,将含有Zn(OH)2杂质的粗品ZnS通过化学提纯制得高纯度ZnS。实验结果表明,采用NH4C l-NH3.H2O混合液对含有Zn(OH)2杂质的粗品ZnS进行提纯的优化条件为:每500m g粗品ZnS加入NH4C l与NH3.H2O摩尔比为1∶1、两组分浓度均为3.0m o l/L的10mLNH4C l-NH3.H2O混合液。X射线衍射分析表明,提纯后的产物粉末全部为ZnS,其纯度与ZnS标准试样相当。     

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by combined chemical pre-oxidation and bioremediation in creosote contaminated soil

The ability of pre-oxidation to overcome polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) recalcitrance to biodegradation was investigated in creosote contaminated soil. Sand and peat artificially spiked with creosote (quality WEI C) were used as model systems. Ozonation and Fenton-like treatment were proved to be feasible technologies for PAH degradation in soil. The efficiency of ozonation was strongly dependent on the water content of treated soil samples. The removal of PAH by Fenton-like treatment depended on the applied H2O2/soil weight ratio and ferrous ions addition. It was determined that the application of chemical oxidation in sand resulted in a higher PAH removal and required lower oxidant (ozone, hydrogen peroxide) doses. The enhancement of PAH biodegradability by different pre-treatment technologies also depended on the soil matrix. It was ascertained that combined chemical and biological treatment was more efficient in PAH elimination in creosote contaminated soil than either one alone. Thus, the combination of Fenton-like and the subsequent biological treatment resulted in the highest removal of PAH in creosote contaminated sand, and biodegradation with pre-ozonation was found to be the most effective technology for PAH elimination in peat.     

Ultrasound and enzyme assisted biodegradation of distillery wastewater

Irradiation with ultrasound (US) and use of an enzyme (E) as pretreatment techniques were carried out to treat a complex effluent (distillery wastewater). These two techniques have been used alone as well as in combination and the efficacy of these techniques was tested by subjecting the effluent to subsequent aerobic biological oxidation (AO). When used alone, US exposure for 30 min and 2 h yielded the best COD reduction during the aerobic oxidation step (US+AO). For the enzyme when used alone, a pH value of 4.8 (corresponding to the optimum pH of the enzyme), a dose of 50 U and a pretreatment time of 24 h yielded better COD removal efficiency as compared to untreated effluent (aerobic oxidation alone). When used in combination, ultrasound followed by enzymatic pretreatment (US+E+AO) yielded the best COD removal efficiencies during aerobic oxidation as compared to the other combinations tested for the treatment of the distillery wastewater. A 4-fold increase in the initial oxidation rate was observed over the untreated batch for the integrated technique (US+E+AO). On the basis of the variation in the values of the biokinetic parameters it can be concluded that the type of pretreatment scheme affects the subsequent rate of the aerobic oxidation significantly.     

Integrated Risk Framework for Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems

Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are becoming increasingly important for the treatment and dispersal of effluent in new urbanised developments that are not serviced by centralised wastewater collection and treatment systems. However, the current standards and guidelines adopted by many local authorities for assessing suitable site and soil conditions for OWTS are increasingly coming under scrutiny due to the public health and environmental impacts caused by poorly performing systems, in particular septic tank-soil adsorption systems. In order to achieve sustainable onsite wastewater treatment with minimal impacts on the environment and public health, more appropriate means of assessment are required. This paper highlights an integrated risk based approach for assessing the inherent hazards associated with OWTS in order to manage and mitigate the environmental and public health risks inherent with onsite wastewater treatment. In developing a sound and cohesive integrated risk framework for OWTS, several key issues must be recognised. These include the inclusion of relevant stakeholders throughout framework development, the integration of scientific knowledge, data and analysis with risk assessment and management ideals, and identification of the appropriate performance goals for successful management and mitigation of associated risks. These issues were addressed in the development of the risk framework to provide a generic approach to assessing risk from OWTS. The utilisation of the developed risk framework for achieving more appropriate assessment and management techniques for OWTS is presented in a case study for the Gold Coast region, Queensland State, Australia.