处理高浓度氨氮废水的研究

采用新型吹脱汽提-超声波联用技术，对高浓度氨氮废水的处理进行了研究，结果表明，吹脱汽提-超声波联用技术处理效果大于两者单独使用的效果之和。另外，研究中还考察了填料的使用、pH条件、温度、气液比和处理时间的影响，以利选择最优的处理条件。     

武汉市霾天气过程冷锋和降水对PM2.5输送和清除效应分析

基于2013—2016年93次冷锋影响过程,研究了冷锋和降水对武汉市PM_(2.5)浓度增加和降低的影响机制,并对浓度下降幅度开展了定量分析.结果表明:受冷锋影响PM_(2.5)浓度变化表现为"两类五型",其中,PM_(2.5)浓度下降占比为62%,平均下降幅度为41μg·m~(-3),主要发生在中等强度冷锋过程中,下降幅度最大时24 h变温、24 h变压和极大风速的区间分别为-4～-2℃、8～12 hPa和8 m·s~(-1);而PM_(2.5)浓度上升主要出现在弱冷锋影响下,上升幅度最大的相应区间分别为-2～0℃、6 hPa和4 m·s~(-1).直接下降型风速最大,直接上升型冷锋强度偏弱,先升后降型PM_(2.5)浓度平均值最高.71%的冷锋过程伴有降水.对于重污染过程,污染持续时间最长的天气型为低压倒槽,PM_(2.5)浓度值最大的天气型为均压场.同时,清除方式中冷空气和降水共同作用占44.4%,单纯冷空气影响占37.0%,仅冷空气作用时的清除速度最快,下降速度为71.1μg·m~(-3)·d~(-1),但结束时的浓度最高;配合降水时清除效果明显,结束浓度一般在46μg·m~(-3)左右,但清除速率较小.     

Effect of temperature tuning on the aerosol acoustic aggregation process

Diesel exhaust aerosols(DEAs) can absorb and accumulate toxic metal particulates and bacteria suspended in the atmospheric environment, which impact human health and the environment.The use of acoustic standing waves(ASWs) to aggregate DEA is currently considered to be an efficient particle removal method; however, study of the effect of different temperatures on the acoustic aggregation process is scarce. To explore the method and technology to regulate and optimize the aerosol aggregation process through temperature tuning, an acoustic apparatus integrated with a temperature regulation function was constructed. Using this apparatus, the effect of different characteristic temperatures(CTs) on the aerosol aggregation process was investigated experimentally in the ASW environment. Under constant conditions of acoustic frequency 1.286 kHz, voltage amplitude 17 V and input electric power 16.7 W, the study concentrated on temperature effects on the aggregation process in the CT range of 58–72°C. The DEA opacity was used. The results demonstrate that the aggregation process is quite sensitive to the CT, and that the optimal DEA aggregation can be achieved at 66°C. The aggregated particles of 68.17 μm are composed of small nanoparticles of 13.34–62.15 nm. At CTs higher and lower than 66°C, the apparatus in non-resonance mode reduces the DEA aggregation level. For other instruments, the method for obtaining the optimum temperature for acoustic agglomeration is universal. This preliminary demonstration shows that the use of acoustic technology to regulate the aerosol aggregation process through tuning the operating temperature is feasible and convenient.     

双波长分光光度法测定水中的钙

本文研究了均三溴偶氮胂(TBA)与钙的显色反应。结果表明,均三溴偶氮胂与钙在PH10.7的NH_4OH-NH_4Cl缓冲介质中形成1:2络合物,利用双波长分光光度法,以490nm为参比波长, 600nm为测定波长,测得ε490-600=3.1×10~4,钙量在0-30μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。本法用于自来水、河水、井水和锅炉水中钙的直接测定,结果满意。     

人群流动的波动性分析

在现代社会中,公共场所拥挤人群现象常常发生,人们对拥挤人群的机理研究较少,在公共场所因对拥挤人群的疏导或管理不当频频发生而伤亡事故。针对公共场所拥挤人群的安全管理需求,根据波动理论,特别是激波理论,来研究拥挤人群的基本特性,如密度、速度与激波的关系等。在人群拥挤时,可将其视为一连续介质,人群中产生的任何扰动(直接表现为密度的变化)都将以波的形式在人群中传播,同时由于人群中个体间的差异,导致波发生非线性畸变,最后可能导致激波的产生,即拥挤事故。通过特征值解法及Matlab软件,求解了对于不同的初始密度分布曲线、不同的速度,预测激波将在何时何处发生,即揭示激波产生的规律,总结了消除激波的一些措施,如改变边界条件、控制初始密度、设置畸点等,以避免拥挤事故的出现。     

液化石油气储罐设置方式之初探

从能量释放的角度出发,以爆炸理论为基础,研究了液化石油气储罐不同设置方式下发生爆炸的影响范围,并根据储罐三种设置方式的特点,给出了液化石油气储罐的合理设置方案.     

Hopkinson压杆反射拉伸下PMMA动态破坏现象实验研究

利用Hopkinson压杆系统对PMMA变截面柱锥试样进行冲击加载，研究材料动态拉伸断裂特性和破坏机理。由于PMMA的拉压强度差别不大，采用圆柱状试件难以产生反射拉伸破坏，因此，将试样设计为圆柱锥状，实验时，将试样的圆柱端粘贴于输入杆上。实验结果表明，在一定的撞击速度下，由于应力波的汇聚作用，在试样锥段产生了反射拉伸破坏；当撞击速度较高时，在产生反射拉伸破坏的同时，试件中还产生了银纹区，随着打击速度的提高，银纹区域增大。同时根据断口的SEM观察，研究了材料的破坏机制。     

Accuracy improvement of various short-term load forecasting models by a novel and unified statistical data-filtering method

ABSTRACT

Time-series and machine-learning methods are being strongly exploited to improve the accuracy of short-term load forecasting (STLF) results. In developing countries, power consumption behaviors could be suddenly changed by different customers, e.g. industrial customers, residential customers, so the load-demand dataset is often unstable. Therefore, reliability assessment of the load-demand dataset is obviously necessary for STLF models. Hence, this paper proposes a novel and unified statistical data-filtering method with the best confidence interval to eliminate unexpected noises/outliers of the input dataset before performing various short-term load forecasting models. This proposed novel data-filtering method, so-called the data pre-processing method, is also compared to other existing data-filtering methods (e.g. Kalman filter, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, Wavelet transform, and Singular Spectrum Analysis). By using an SCADA system?-based database of a typical 22kV distribution network in Vietnam, NYISO database, and PJM-RTO database, case studies of short-term load forecasting have been conducted with a conventional ARIMA model, an ANN forecasting model, an LSTM-RNN model, an LSTM-CNN combined model, a deep auto-encoder (DAE) network, a Wavenet-based model, a Wavenet and LSTM hybrid model, and a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) model, which are to validate the novel and unified statistical data-filtering method proposed. The achieved numerical results demonstrate which the accuracy of the aforementioned STLF models can be significantly improved due to the proposed statistical data-filtering method with the best confidence interval of the input load dataset. The proposed statistical data-filtering method can considerably outperform the existing data-filtering methods.     

某弹药库设计方案的安全分析

对某弹药库的设计方案进行了安全分析,得到了弹药爆炸时的空气冲击波、振动、飞石等作用的安全距离及相邻库房殉爆的可能性.给出了对原设计方案的改进意见和改进后的安全距离.     

超声光催化降解酸性粒子元青染料的研究

对超声波作用下的纳米TiO2光催化氧化法降角酸性粒子元青染料进行了研究。结果表明，超声波的引入提高了纳米TiO2光催化降解酸性粒子元青染料的降解率；降解率受反应时间、坡声波功率、空气流量的影响；添加少量的H2O2能够明显地提高酸性粒子元青染料的降解率。