The role of NIMBY in opposing the siting of wind farms: evidence from Greece

This paper aims to assess the relative importance of a NIMBY (‘Not-In-My-Back-Yard’) stance on an individual's opposition to the siting of a wind farm vis-à-vis other predictors, such as perceived effects (costs, risks and benefits associated with the project), perceived fairness of the siting decision and societal trust. Data originate from two case studies, a small wind farm of just two wind turbines in southern Greece and a mega-project of 153 turbines on the Greek island of Lesvos (aggregate N = 334). We use structural equation modelling (SEM) for testing the theoretically-suggested relations between the various constructs. We find that NIMBY is not the most important predictor of opposition while it is strongly correlated with other predictors, such as the perceived unfairness of the siting decision as well as the risks and costs associated with the wind farm. These latter findings undermine the common-sense idea that wishing a wind farm out of one's vicinity (‘Not-In-My-Back-Yard’) is an example of mere ‘free-riding’. Since the fit of the SEM models was found to be moderate, we discuss the limitations of our study and the implications of our findings as well as suggesting pathways for future research.     

Watering the garden: preferences for alternative sources in suburban areas of the Mediterranean coast

Gardening has become a relevant contributor to the quality of life of suburbanites, as a source of leisure, to build a relationship with nature or to express a particular social identity. Nevertheless, water scarcity in the Mediterranean region has increased concerns about how demand should be managed to face future uncertainties, and watering the gardens has become an element for discussion in urban planning. This contribution presents the findings of a survey of permanent residents and secondary homeowners (n?=?230) in the suburban areas surrounding the city of Girona in the northeast of Catalonia (Spain). The area is a popular national and international tourist destination and a preferred place for second-home owners. We explore the main socio-demographic drivers for choosing an alternative watering source and we analyse if water-harvesting tank sizes properly meet net irrigation requirements. Results show that many water-harvesting tanks are oversized. The percentage of unemployed or retired household members, the estimated irrigation water needs of the garden and the education level directly influence the search for alternative sources of water. Moreover, social variables like interest in gardening, water conservation attitudes and household income indirectly influence the search for alternative sources of water.     

A model to determine the lake nutrient standards for drinking water sources in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Ecoregion, China

Lake eutrophication (LE) has become an increasingly severe environmental problem recently. However, there has been no nutrient standard established for LE control in many developing countries such as China. This study proposes a structural equation model to assist in the establishment of a lake nutrient standard for drinking water sources in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Ecoregion (Yungui Ecoregion), China. The modeling results indicate that the most predictive indicator for designated use-attainment is total phosphorus (TP) (total effect =-0.43), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) is recommended as the second important indicator (total effect =-0.41). The model is further used for estimating the probability of use-attainment associated with lake water as a drinking water source and various levels of candidate criteria (based on the reference conditions and the current environmental quality standards for surface water). It is found that these candidate criteria cannot satisfy the designated 100% use-attainment. To achieve the short-term target (85% attainment of the designated use), TP and Chl-a values ought to be less than 0.02 mg/L and 1.4 μg/L, respectively. When used as a long-term target (90% or greater attainment of the designated use), the TP and Chl-a values are suggested to be less than 0.018 mg/L and 1 μg/L, respectively.     

改性成都粘土预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

文章采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)3种改性剂分别对成都粘土进行改性,将改性粘土用于垃圾渗滤液处理,比较不同改性粘土对氨氮和COD的吸附性能,并通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析技术对改性粘土进行表征,分析作用机理;研究表明,粘土经过改性后,3种改性粘土的底面间距分别增大0.7533、0.3496、0.1929nm,对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮和COD去除效果关系为:HDTMA改性土>AM改性土>PAC改性土>原土,HDTMA改性土为最优改性土。改性粘土预处理渗滤液方法是可行的,HDTMA改性土是最优改性土,对氨氮去除率达到48.68%,COD去除率达到32.27%,控制条件为:投加量为100g,pH=7,转速为200 r/min(50min),静置时间6h。     

溶磷微生物改性生物炭吸附重金属的机理研究

利用磷溶菌（PSB）对稻壳（RB）和污泥（SB）生物炭进行不同时间的改性,研究了其对水体中Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺（1000mg/L）的修复机制.主要通过测定改性生物炭的理化特性和重金属含量,并利用结构方程模型研究了微生物改性生物炭对重金属的吸附机理.结果表明,PSB显著改善生物炭的孔径结构、比表面积BET （增加了12.5%~175.0%）和表面官能团.特别是还增加了生物炭中C和P元素的释放,促进了生物炭表面的生物矿化机制.PSB改性显著提高了生物炭对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附作用（RB提高：Pb²⁺=9.5%~34.5%,Cd²⁺=34.7%~219.9%,SB提高：Pb²⁺=65.3%~101.3%,Cd²⁺=106.6%~248.6%）.通过Pb和Cd的修复差异,发现不同重金属对微生物的胁迫是导致改性生物炭对重金属的修复反应路径相反的原因.此外,结构方程模型证实6~12h的PSB改性效果最好,且BET不是主要影响因素.不同的生物质炭改性后的修复机制也存在明显差异,孔径结构（R_max²=0.99）是改性RB的主要吸附途径,化学沉淀（R_max²=0.99）是改性SB的主要吸附途径.     

火箭测试平台多通道脉动压力微弱信号调理电路设计

目的实现火箭测试平台多通道脉动压力微弱信号调理电路设计。方法基于高性能仪表放大器进行低噪声放大电路设计,仪表放大器输入端引入RFI滤波器,抑制射频干扰,显著减小电路输出噪声。模拟信号输出端集成ADC转换单元,实现模拟信号的数字化传输,进一步降低模拟信号传输干扰。实现信号调理电路小型化设计,将4个通道脉动压力信号调理电路集成到一块40 mm×35 mm的电路单板,实现对4个通道脉动压力传感器的供电、信号调理及数字化等功能。通过多个单板的组合化设计,实现多通道脉动压力信号调理电路设计。结果获得了信号调理电路的本底噪声水平,通过风洞试验验证了信号调理电路设计的正确性。结论设计的多通道脉动压力微弱信号调理电路可应用于火箭测试平台,具有抗干扰、小型化、组合化等特点。     

结构抗震设计中地震动参数选取的几个基本问题

以“小震”名义对设防烈度的折减与老规范用“结构系数”如何确定地震作用是抗震设计的重要环节。自1989版抗震设计规范引入分级超越概率后,同一设防烈度对应多值描述,给正确理解和应用带来困难。梳理了地震作用取值的发展沿革,展示了规范更新并未打破地震作用取值的连贯性,折减效果相当。作为案例应用,指出地震模拟实验中振动台对容纳其厂房的地震作用幅值上限是明确的,不存在超越概率问题。结合对实际震害的思考,指出抗震概念设计远比计算分析重要。     

某型滑油温度传感器的可靠性强化试验

针对诱发滑油温度传感器故障模式的主要环境因素进行了分析,确定了影响滑油温度传感器可靠性的敏感环境应力。根据滑油温度传感器结构间的逻辑关系和可靠性框图,建立其故障树,找出了潜在薄弱环节作为可靠性强化试验的主要关注点。依据可靠性强化试验理论设计了试验方案,并制定了试验剖面。     

Exploring the influence of outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour in a demographically diverse population

This study used structural equation modelling to examine the effects of socio-demographic variables and outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) among an ethnically diverse population of adult state-park visitors near Atlanta, Georgia, USA (N?=?319). Data collected through intercept surveys at three state parks were used to examine interactions among potential predictors of PEB, including socio-demographics (ethnicity, gender, education, and income), outdoor recreation participation (during childhood and adulthood), and environmental value orientations (biocentric and anthropocentric). The best fitting model accounted for 40% of the variance in self-reported PEB and indicated the strongest positive relationship between adult outdoor recreation participation and PEB (β?=?0.54, t?=?5.70). Biocentric and anthropocentric value orientation scores were also significant antecedents of PEB (β?=?0.17, t?=?1.99, and β?=?0.19, t?=?2.56, respectively), and both were influenced by socio-demographic variables. Overall, results suggest that a diverse public's environmental ethos and propensity to engage in PEBs could be influenced by outdoor recreation opportunities.     

国外环境行为影响因素研究述评

基于心理性因素与内外因素相结合的视角对国外环境行为影响因素研究加以梳理,发现大多数研究认为环境行为是在自我约束和自我控制下做出的契合自身实际的选择,其对改善环境状况与提升环境质量有着积极正向作用,并将环境态度/环境关心视为关键变量,以揭示实施环境行为复杂的内在过程与心理机制;大多数研究采取问卷调查的方式收集某一时点的数据,借助结构方程模型等高级统计方法着重探究自我报告的一般意义或某类具体环境行为.其相对忽视了社会经济发展、文化变迁、制度政策变化、阶层分化、地区差异、信息分割等外在结构性因素对环境心理的可能塑造及其对环境行为的动态影响,进而提出在准确厘定环境行为内涵的基础上,针对社会群体成员或社区居民采用问卷调查、实验法、实地观察、深度访谈等多元研究方式长期追踪收集纵向数据或资料,以及将心理性因素与结构性因素结合起来探讨不同类别的环境行为,有助于突破既有研究的心理学局限与行为决定论桎梏,且切实反映环境行为的历时性变化与动态性影响.