旅游学结构方程模型应用研究综述

对国外旅游学权威期刊与国内CNKI期刊网上发表的旅游学领域结构方程模型的应用研究文献进行了梳理。在阐释结构方程模型基本原理和主要优点的基础上,着重从游客、社区居民、旅游业者角度对结构方程模型在旅游学上的应用主题、潜变量、假设路径与拟合指数等进行了综述,并对研究的一般程序、步骤、规范与要求进行了归纳,认为国内将结构方程模型应用在旅游学上的研究较少,今后应加强居民和旅游业者模型的研究,注重时间和空间上的对比验证。     

Using structural equation modeling to investigate relationships among ecological variables

Structural equation modeling is an advanced multivariate statistical process with which a researcher can construct theoretical concepts, test their measurement reliability, hypothesize and test a theory about their relationships, take into account measurement errors, and consider both direct and indirect effects of variables on one another. Latent variables are theoretical concepts that unite phenomena under a single term, e.g., ecosystem health, environmental condition, and pollution (Bollen, 1989). Latent variables are not measured directly but can be expressed in terms of one or more directly measurable variables called indicators. For some researchers, defining, constructing, and examining the validity of latent variables may be the end task of itself. For others, testing hypothesized relationships of latent variables may be of interest. We analyzed the correlation matrix of eleven environmental variables from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Estuaries (EMAP-E) using methods of structural equation modeling. We hypothesized and tested a conceptual model to characterize the interdependencies between four latent variables-sediment contamination, natural variability, biodiversity, and growth potential. In particular, we were interested in measuring the direct, indirect, and total effects of sediment contamination and natural variability on biodiversity and growth potential. The model fit the data well and accounted for 81% of the variability in biodiversity and 69% of the variability in growth potential. It revealed a positive total effect of natural variability on growth potential that otherwise would have been judged negative had we not considered indirect effects. That is, natural variability had a negative direct effect on growth potential of magnitude –0.3251 and a positive indirect effect mediated through biodiversity of magnitude 0.4509, yielding a net positive total effect of 0.1258. Natural variability had a positive direct effect on biodiversity of magnitude 0.5347 and a negative indirect effect mediated through growth potential of magnitude –0.1105 yielding a positive total effects of magnitude 0.4242. Sediment contamination had a negative direct effect on biodiversity of magnitude –0.1956 and a negative indirect effect on growth potential via biodiversity of magnitude –0.067. Biodiversity had a positive effect on growth potential of magnitude 0.8432, and growth potential had a positive effect on biodiversity of magnitude 0.3398. The correlation between biodiversity and growth potential was estimated at 0.7658 and that between sediment contamination and natural variability at –0.3769.     

成渝产业带产业结构的相似性及其结构转换力分析

利用数据方差,相关系数和相似系数指标对成渝产业带这一长江上游具有重要地位的经济区域进行了产业和结构特征分析。从产业部门相对变动的总体方差看,第一产业在国内生产总值中的份额变动幅度最大,即第一产业在国内生产总值的比重元首衡性最弱,第三产业次之,第二产业最小;     

大跨度偏压隧道受火损伤分析

为探明火灾对大跨度偏压隧道造成的不利影响,依托贵州省某公路隧道工程,基于ANSYS有限元软件分析不同埋深及偏压条件下大跨度隧道结构的最大损伤和相对温度损伤变化规律,并对其温度场分布和应力分布规律进行总结。结果表明:衬砌高温损伤约60 mm,温度影响深度约300 mm,内部温升过程逐渐由曲线变化转变为直线变化;最大损伤深度随偏压角度增加近似呈指数增长变化,而相对温度损伤略有减小,当偏压角度较大时,火灾将成为隧道破坏的诱导因素而非直接因素;最大损伤深度与偏压隧道埋深近似呈抛物线变化,火灾对偏压隧道影响显著,必须采取有效预防措施;随着受火时间的增加,临火侧衬砌混凝土在热膨胀及围岩约束作用下,压应力快速增加,存在较大的压溃风险。     

绿色建筑供应链主导企业结构模型与运行实践分析

建筑可持续发展涉及多主体全过程,实施有效途径是构建绿色建筑供应链,基于绿色供应链理念构建绿色建筑供应链结构模型,分析绿色建筑供应链特点,界定绿色建筑供应链协调运行的主体职责,架构绿色建筑供应链主导企业及其基于主导企业驱动的绿色建筑供应链结构模型,剖析绿色建筑供应链运行实践问题,提出基于主导企业驱动的绿色建筑供应链协调运行的内在要求。     

风致弱振下高层建筑舒适性评价研究

基于结构安全的高层建筑理论计算模型所确定的结构动力特性与实测值往往有较大差别,这会使结构动力响应的计算及风振舒适度的评价产生较大误差。针对此问题,基于风振舒适度评价的目的,考虑填充墙、楼板装饰面层、楼梯和活荷载取值四种精细化模型修正因素,提出了基于舒适度评价的高层建筑精细化计算模型的一般构建方法。通过实测和理论分析对某沿海高层建筑的精细化计算模型进行了研究,对精细化模型的修正因素进行了探讨。结果表明:精细化模型修正因素中填充墙对结构动力特性的影响最大,精细化计算模型的动力特性与实测值更吻合,更准确地反映了结构真实的振动特性。精细化计算模型的研究工作可为此类高层建筑的风振舒适度评价提供借鉴。     

低温环境下桥梁用结构钢疲劳寿命估算方法

在现有研究成果的基础上,基于断裂力学理论提出了适用于桥梁结构钢的低温疲劳寿命估算方法。利用室温环境下的疲劳性能参数和低温环境的基本力学性能参数对低温环境下的疲劳极限、疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值等进行预测,建立疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型,应用等效初始裂纹法估算低温环境下桥梁钢的疲劳寿命,并通过塑性区裂纹尺寸修正进行低周疲劳寿命预测。通过算例表明,该方法能够较为准确的预测Q345qD钢试件的拉伸疲劳寿命,从而避免了成本高昂的低温疲劳试验,为钢结构桥梁的低温疲劳分析提供简便而实用的依据。     

The Role of Organizational Perception,Perceived Consumer Effectiveness and Self-efficacy in Recycling Advocacy Advertising Effectiveness

Previous academic research into how consumers evaluate advocacy advertising identified many possible paths involving potentially reflexive effects on how people perceive an advocacy advertising sponsor, the advocated issue and themselves. This paper has examined one possible scenario within this complicated phenomenon: that of advertising advocating a specific environmental consumer action, recycling. In the specific context of this study, structural equation modelling demonstrated clear causal relationships among consumer perceptions of the recycling advertisements’ sponsoring organization, consumer self-efficacy and perceived consumer effectiveness of complying with the advocated issue (recycling behaviour). These factors were shown to impact specific advocacy advertising goals (termed message effectiveness in this study) such as behavioural intention toward the advocated recycling issue and perceived changes in how consumers evaluate the sponsoring organization.     

Industrial applications of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites – challenges and opportunities

The growing industrial demand for sustainable materials has led to a paradigm shift in the focus from synthetic polymers towards natural fibres. This paper deals with the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites in various industrial applications. Natural fibres being biodegradable, light in weight, cost-effective and environment friendly are good candidate materials for modern industrial applications. Use of natural fibres in various industries with a focus on automotive and furniture industry has been discussed. The commonly used natural fibres in polymer composites including jute, hemp, sisal, kenaf, bamboo, cotton, flax, abaca, coir etc. have been dealt with in this paper. The literature revealed that tensile strength and other mechanical properties of these fibres are comparable to synthetic fibres like glass or carbon fibres. However, the temperature stability of polymers limits their extensive use and remains an issue to be addressed.     

中国低碳城市发展影响因素分析

目前,全国各地都在开展低碳城市建设,但是由于对"低碳城市"认识的不一致,导致了各地建设水平参差不齐。本文根据低碳城市的内涵和特点,识别出19个影响我国低碳城市发展的因素,分别从城市主体水平、发展结构水平和管理水平等角度进行分类说明。通过专家咨询法和建立解释结构模型(ISM),绘制出多级递阶结构图,理顺各因素间的结构关系,阐明了影响因素间内在关联性和层次性。研究结果显示,19个影响因素分为5个层次,其中政府和低碳城市标准位于最高层次,碳排放统计次之,它们是影响我国低碳城市发展的关键因素,并对其余因素产生直接或间接的影响作用。建议现阶段在推进我国低碳城市建设过程中,根据多级递阶结构图所示,采取"自上而下"的模式。当务之急,国家应尽快制定出台《低碳城市标准》,加快开展城市碳排放统计工作,而政府作为城市主体之一,是低碳城市建设的主要推动者和政策供给者,应充分发挥其领导力,使低碳城市建设走上系统化、制度化轨道。