未确知测度模型在污水处理厂评价中的应用

污水处理厂的运行管理效果涉及到污水处理厂的处理水量、水质和能耗等诸多项指标,是多指标综合评价问题。文中将未确知测度综合评价模型应用于污水处理厂运行效果评价中。鉴于在多指标识别问题中,专家难以凭借个人经验确定客观型指标权重,文中采用了信息论中熵的概念来确定评价指标权重,使评价结果更加客观合理。未确知测度模型对评价空间实现了有序分割,提高了分辨率,评价效果可靠,是一种实用模型。     

熵权多目标决策模型在水环境质量综合评价中的应用

介绍了熵和熵权的概念与性质,在此基础上结合多目标决策模型建立熵权多目标决策评价方法,并对水环境质量进行综合评价,评价结果与物元分析模型、属性识别理论方法、模糊隶属函数法进行对比,结果表明,利用熵权多目标决策评价法进行水环境质量综合评价是可行的。     

雨水管道沉积物对径流初期冲刷的影响

为了避免汇水面源头以及分流制雨水管道系统中沉积的大量污染物在降雨时随雨水径流被冲刷进入水体,从而控制径流对水环境构成的冲击性污染,从理论和试验2方面分析了管道径流污染物(汇水面和管道沉积物2个来源)的流失规律.结果表明,汇水面源头污染物流失较符合源头冲刷的指数衰减模型,管道内沉积物流失可用流量曲线模型计算;管道内沉积物占管道径流污染物的比例越大,管道径流的初期冲刷现象越不明显.为了提高径流污染控制设施的效率,宜在源头进行分散控制,并加强雨水管网系统清洁维护,避免污染物的积累.     

Error Assessment for Height Above the Nearest Drainage Inundation Mapping

Real‐time flood inundation mapping is vital for emergency response to help protect life and property. Inundation mapping transforms rainfall forecasts into meaningful spatial information that can be utilized before, during, and after disasters. While inundation mapping has traditionally been conducted on a local scale, automated algorithms using topography data can be utilized to efficiently produce flood maps across the continental scale. The Height Above the Nearest Drainage method can be used in conjunction with synthetic rating curves (SRCs) to produce inundation maps, but the performance of these inundation maps needs to be assessed. Here we assess the accuracy of the SRCs and calculate statistics for comparing the SRCs to rating curves obtained from hydrodynamic models calibrated against observed stage heights. We find SRCs are accurate enough for large‐scale approximate inundation mapping while not as accurate when assessing individual reaches or cross sections. We investigate the effect of terrain and channel characteristics and observe reach length and slope predict divergence between the two types of rating curves, and SRCs perform poorly for short reaches with extreme slope values. We propose an approach to recalculate the slope in Manning’s equation as the weighted average over a minimum distance and assess accuracy for a range of moving window lengths.     

包头市企业环境行为信用评价指标体系研究

企业环境行为信用评价是一种符合国情的先进的环境管理手段,是对当前环境管理制度的重要补充和完善.为了强化政府对污染源的监管,提升环保部门的环境监管力度和水平,督促企业持续改进环境行为,文章对不同尺度的指标体系进行了分析对比,结合包头市实际情况,构建了包含污染防治、环境管理、社会影响和组织管理四部分共二十五项指标的包头市企业环境行为信用评价指标体系,以期对环境管理起到检查和促进作用、前瞻和导向功能.     

滨海石化项目环境综合风险评估方法研究

研究针对国内目前的研究现状,运用环境风险评价指数法建立滨海石化项目环境风险评估体系,采用层次分析法和熵权法结合的组合赋权法,结合专家咨询法进行指标的修改与完善,运用线性加权组合法对评估体系中指标权重的赋值,并计算滨海石化项目的环境风险等级,确定项目的风险强弱.实例分析表明环境风险管理在环境风险的产生和预防占有十分重要的地位,通过加强和完善环境风险的管理体系,结合环境因素的敏感程度及风险源的产生和影响,能降低环境风险及事故的影响程度.     

Improving biodegradation potential of domestic wastewater by manipulating the size distribution of organic matter

Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment. However, the functions of particulate organic matter (POM) and some organics with high molecular weight (HMW) are overlooked in the conventional process, as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial metabolism. This further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent quality. Therefore, to better characterize organic matter (OM) based MW distribution, microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration (MF/UF/NF) membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM, which obtained seven fractions. Hydrolysis acidification (HA) was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and further explore the correlation between molecular size and biodegradability. Results showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM, but also boosted biodegradability. After 8 hr of HA, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 65%, from the initial value of 20.25 to 33.48 mg/L, and the biodegradability index (BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand)/SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand)) increased from 0.52 to 0.74. Using MW distribution analysis and composition optimization, a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained, which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice.     

1株草除灵高效降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水处理池的活性污泥中分离得到1株能以草除灵为唯一碳源生长的菌株.经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为Methyloversatilis sp.,命名为MBLHC-2.对菌株MBLHC-2的生长特性研究表明,液体培养时,菌株呈絮状生长;在30℃、pH 8.0的R2A培养基中生长...     

高分子量多环芳烃降解菌LD29的筛选及降解特性研究

采用硅油-水双液相富集体系,以蒽为富集碳源,从原油污染土壤富集分离多环芳烃降解菌,分离出1株能降解菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]芘的细菌,经形态特征、生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定为矢野口鞘氨醇菌(Sphingobium yanoikuyae),编号为LD29.采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对LD29在无机盐培养基中对PA...     

重庆市可持续发展指标体系的设计和评价

本文从可持续发展目标出发,建立反映重庆市可持续发展的存量,质量,结构与变动度指标体系,应用层次分析法,模糊综合评判法及功效系数法对重庆市可持续发展进行了定量分析,并确定了可持续发展的满意值和不允许值。力图为重庆市可持续发展指标体系的评价和理论研究提供一套可行的方法。