基于散流器的盐雾箱饱和加湿技术研究

目的 提升盐雾箱饱和加湿桶湿式加热性能，保证盐雾试验过程沉降盐雾溶液浓度的稳定，进行盐雾试验箱饱和加湿桶的设计与研究。方法 对饱和加湿桶压缩空气入口和出口进行结构设计，入口采用散流器实现湿式加热，出口设置气水分离器，对出口气流进行气水分离，从而形成较为“洁净”的饱和湿空气。对饱和加湿桶进行性能测试，验证盐雾试验箱饱和加湿方法的有效性。结果 散流器可以使气流在水中形成稳定的流动，有效抑制气流直通液面的浪涌现象，避免液滴飞溅产生，并增大了压缩空气与去离子水的接触面积。供气压力为50~150 kPa时，饱和加湿桶出口气流的相对湿度在不同温度下均可达到83%~90%，且试验过程出口流道无明水喷射。结论 通过对饱和加湿桶的设计，有效提升了湿式加热的效率，并形成较为“洁净”的饱和湿空气，满足盐雾试验要求。     

洱海大气氮素湿沉降特征

通过对2020年位于洱海湖区周边4个站点大气降水的实地监测，定量揭示了大气湿沉降不同形态氮素（TN、DTN、AN、NN、NIT、PN）的浓度和时空分布规律，探讨了氮素沉降通量的变化特征及其主要影响因子，进而明确了大气氮湿沉降对湖区外源性氮素输入的贡献程度，评估了氮素湿沉降入湖负荷对湖区水环境的影响。结果表明：各监测点降水中氮素浓度年内总体呈先升后降再升的趋势，总氮浓度为0.18～8.73 mg/L，平均浓度为1.34±0.686 mg/L，氮素浓度呈现干季高湿季低的变化规律；氮素湿沉降通量月际变化大致呈M双峰型，沉降通量峰值出现在浓度最低但降雨量最大的8月，最小值出现在12月，沉降通量与降雨量呈极显著正相关，沉降通量AN/NN为1.97，农业生产活动的氮素排放是湿沉降的主要来源；2020年洱海湖面湿沉降总氮直接输入负荷量约为170.11 t，其中铵态氮86.86 t，硝态氮51.58 t，总氮直接入湖负荷约占流域农业面源排放量的6.18%。     

Use of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) for pretreatment of high-salinity high-organic wastewater

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) coupled desalination technology provides a possibility for the effective and economic degradation of high salinity and high organic wastewater. Chloride widely occurs in natural and wastewaters, and its high content jeopardizes the efficacy of Advanced oxidation process (AOPs). Thus, a novel chlorine ion resistant catalyst B-site Ru doped LaFe_1-xRu_xO_3-δ in CWAO treatment of chlorine ion wastewater was examined. Especially, LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ was 45.5% better than that of the 6%RuO₂@TiO₂ (commercial carrier) on total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Also, doped catalysts LaFe_1-xRu_xO_3-δ showed better activity than supported catalysts RuO₂@LaFeO₃ and RuO₂@TiO₂ with the same Ru content. Moreover, LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ has novel chlorine ion resistance no matter the concentration of Cl⁻ and no Ru dissolves after the reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) refinement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements verified the structure of LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ. Kinetic data and density functional theory (DFT) proved that Fe is the site of acetic acid oxidation and adsorption of chloride ions. The existence of Fe in LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ could adsorb chlorine ion (catalytic activity inhibitor), which can protect the Ru site and other active oxygen species to exert catalytic activity. This work is essential for the development of chloride-resistant catalyst in CWAO.

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干湿季节下再生水补给河流的溶解性有机物组成特征及其与致病菌基因的相互关系

水体中溶解性有机物(DOM)对各种类型污染物的迁移转化具有重要影响.为了考察干湿季节下再生水补给水体的DOM分子多样性变化及其主要成分对致病菌分布及迁移的影响,本研究以北京两个典型的再生水补给水体(清河和沙河水库)为对象,分别在旱季和雨季采集水样,采用三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)、平行因子分析(PARAFAC)、光谱指...