双碱法脱硫工艺改进及脱硫塔设计分析

改进优化传统双碱法烟气脱硫工艺,对脱硫塔及附属设施设计要点进行分析,在山西某化工厂2×55t/h三废炉烟气脱硫工程中得到较好运用,为同类烟气脱硫工程提供参考。     

采煤沉陷区输电铁塔复合防护板基础抗变形性能及其板厚取值研究

以某采煤沉陷区内的典型输电铁塔及其复合防护板基础工程为背景,考虑地基-基础-上部铁塔结构的共同作用,对不同板厚复合防护板基础的抗采动变形性能进行了研究,并引入"保护作用"的概念,对独立基础和复合防护板基础的抗变形性能进行了分析。研究表明,设置复合防护板后,与独立基础相比,可明显减少铁塔支座的水平位移及上部结构的应力,支座位移与结构应力随着复合大板厚度的增大而减小,其减小的幅度随着板厚的增大而趋缓,当板厚达到一定数值以后几乎不再减小。提出的复合防护板的厚度可取铁塔基础长向根开的1/45～1/35的建议,以供采煤沉陷区内复合防护板基础的设计参考。     

排烟冷却塔烟气抬升高度的计算分析

华北地区某电厂排烟冷却塔烟气抬升高度的光学照相法实测结果显示,选用S／P模式计算出排烟冷却塔烟气括升高度是合理的。在环境风速小、空气潮湿条件下,采用排烟冷却塔排放方式有利于污染物稀释扩散;在环境风速大、空气干燥、逆温等不利气象条件时,采用排烟冷却塔排放方式,烟气抬升高度较低。     

过程液氯贮槽装置封闭厂房及事故氯吸收塔联用安全效用分析

分析、设立液氯贮槽液相泄漏的几种典型事故情景,并利用液相泄漏、液池蒸发、重气扩散和人员中毒死亡概率等模型对比研究封闭厂房及事故氯吸收塔等安全措施对液氯贮槽液相泄漏扩散中毒后果的影响,给出不同事故情景下液氯泄漏速率、液池半径、液池蒸发速率、室外氯气中毒死亡概率等事故后果特征值。对封闭厂房及事故氯吸收塔安全效用进行定量分析和比较研究。结果表明,液氯贮槽的封闭厂房对抑制液氯泄漏扩散中毒事故后果效用明显;事故氯吸收塔能消除液氯贮槽微小孔泄漏所对应的小事故情景,还能对封闭厂房最严重泄漏事故后果起到初期削峰作用。显然,封闭厂房及事故氯吸收塔联用可以降低液氯贮槽事故影响后果,具有良好安全效用。     

百色市中波台对塔吊感应高压电的影响及防护研究

电磁辐射主要通过感应耦合或电磁耦合使主要由金属部件组成的塔吊感应高压电,而塔吊的结构及架设常使其更容易遭受电磁辐射的影响,特别是有中波发射塔存在的区域电磁辐射水平较高,对塔吊的影响较为明显,从而危及施工人员和财产安全。针对百色市二四二中波发射台的电磁辐射状况,通过对电磁射源及电磁环境特点等方面进行分析与计算,利用等效电路模型探讨电磁辐射对附近施工建筑塔吊感应高压电的影响,得出塔吊的谐振点、中波发射台在塔吊处的电场强度及感应电压。采取绝缘、重复接地和避开谐振点方法解决长期以来建筑塔吊临近通讯发射源感应高压电而难于防护的突出问题,从而提高塔吊在电磁辐射环境中工作的安全性,并对此类领域的研究或对类似感应电的防护提供科学借鉴。     

爆破拆除高耸建筑物触地危害分析与控制

分析爆破拆除高耸建筑物倒塌触地产生的危害:触地震动、触地飞石和超压气流。基于一般塌落质点振动速度公式,提出3种减少震动危害的措施;根据抛体运动规律,得出触地飞石水平飞行范围,提出3种减少触地飞石危害的措施;在分析超压气流危害机理的基础上,提出了3种减少超压气流危害的措施。并引用实例进行分析说明。     

半干半湿烟气脱硫反应塔湿壁现象的分析

半干半湿烟气脱硫工艺特别适合我国中小型工业锅炉烟气脱硫的需要。提高脱硫效率、降低脱硫剂消耗主要依赖增湿程度的提高。然而,加湿会带来湿壁从而改变工艺干法特征,加速腐蚀,影响系统稳定性等问题。通过对一套工业试验性半干半湿FGD系统反应塔湿壁现象的测试分析发现:塔内涡流滞流区的存在,是湿壁的主要原因;塔壁与主流间过大的温差也经常导致结露湿壁。      

石灰石/石灰-石膏湿法脱硫几种反应塔的比较

石灰石／石灰－石膏湿法烟气脱硫是控制二氧化硫排放的最常用方法。通过对该方法几种主要工艺及反应塔的比较,研究了喷淋塔,格栅塔,鼓泡塔和液柱塔在结构与工艺上的差异,以及它们在中国的实际应用,分析了各种脱硫反应塔的优缺点,并由此归纳出脱硫反应塔发展的趋势,研究结果将为脱硫工艺以及脱硫塔的选择提供依据和参考。     

冷却塔的噪声特性与控制

以某小区冷却塔的噪声治理为例,通过对其噪声数据的测量,详细分析了冷却塔噪声的主要来源和特性,并从消声、吸声、隔声等方面阐述了一种实用的控制措施。结果表明,此方案不仅降噪效果明显,而且能够完全满足设备所需通风量和温度的要求,在工程实际过程中取得了良好的降噪效果。     

Evaluating weather effects on interannual variation in net ecosystem productivity of a coastal temperate forest landscape: A model intercomparison

Forest productivity is strongly affected by seasonal weather patterns and by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. However weather effects on forest productivity are not currently represented in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3 used in national forest C accounting programs. To evaluate different approaches to modelling these effects, a model intercomparison was conducted among CBM-CFS3 and four process models (ecosys, CN-CLASS, Can-IBIS and 3PG) over a 2500 ha landscape in the Oyster River (OR) area of British Columbia, Canada. The process models used local weather data to simulate net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and net biome productivity (NBP) from 1920 to 2005. Other inputs used by the process and inventory models were generated from soil, land cover and disturbance records. During a period of intense disturbance from 1928 to 1943, simulated NBP diverged considerably among the models. This divergence was attributed to differences among models in the sizes of detrital and humus C stocks in different soil layers to which a uniform set of soil C transformation coefficients was applied during disturbances. After the disturbance period, divergence in modelled NBP among models was much smaller, and attributed mainly to differences in simulated NPP caused by different approaches to modelling weather effects on productivity. In spite of these differences, age-detrended variation in annual NPP and NEP of closed canopy forest stands was negatively correlated with mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September (T_amax) in all process models (R² = 0.4-0.6), indicating that these correlations were robust. The negative correlation between T_amax and NEP was attributed to different processes in different models, which were tested by comparing CO₂ fluxes from these models with those measured by eddy covariance (EC) under contrasting air temperatures (T_a). The general agreement in sensitivity of annual NPP to T_amax among the process models led to the development of a generalized algorithm for weather effects on NPP of coastal temperate coniferous forests for use in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3: NPP′ = NPP − 57.1 (T_amax − 18.6), where NPP and NPP′ are the current and temperature-adjusted annual NPP estimates from the inventory-based model, 18.6 is the long-term mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September, and T_amax is the mean value for the current year. Our analysis indicated that the sensitivity of NPP to T_amax was nonlinear, so that this algorithm should not be extrapolated beyond the conditions of this study. However the process-based methodology to estimate weather effects on NPP and NEP developed in this study is widely applicable to other forest types and may be adopted for other inventory based forest carbon cycle models.