室内常见气传真菌孢子的细胞毒性研究

分别以MTT比色法和细胞克隆形成率实验，观察了室内常见气传真菌孢子对中国仓鼠（CHL）肺上皮细胞的存活和增殖能力的影响，并通过检测细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力，胞内Ca^2 ,K^ 含量，观察真菌孢子对细胞膜通透性的影响，结果表明，室内常见气传真菌孢子能显影响CHL细胞的活性，并可使细胞膜通透性发生改变，引起胞内LDH外渗，细胞内外离子发生交换，细胞内K^ 浓度降低，而细胞外的Ca^2 有内流的趋势。     

土壤四环素污染对小白菜幼苗生长发育的生态毒性

采用土培盆栽试验模拟研究了土壤四环素污染对小白菜幼苗生长发育的生态毒性.结果表明,1～100 mg/kg四环素暴露促进了小白菜的茎伸长,但抑制了小白菜的根伸长和鲜重.100 mg/kg四环素处理28 d后,小白菜根长抑制率达到36.0%,鲜重抑制率达到34.6%.随着四环素暴露时间的延长,100 mg/kg四环素处理的...     

真菌降解废气中邻-二甲苯试验研究

采用真菌降解废气中的邻-二甲苯,试验装置为真菌生物滤池.将滤池内填料分成3段,考察每一段的负荷能力、去除效率以及pH值、温度、湿度的变化特点等.邻-二甲苯的进气浓度为400～700mg·m-3,气量为0 25m3·h-1,停留时间为100s.试验结果表明,真菌能够有效地去除废气中的邻 二甲苯,总去除率达到90%以上.其中,从上到下各段的去除率分别为36 8%,28 6%和25 5%.生物滤池内产生CO2的浓度与邻 二甲苯的降解有密切关联,通过在线监测进出气中的CO2浓度变化,可以间接反映出生物滤池的运行状况和生物生长量.在本研究中,降解的邻二甲苯中的碳约74%转化成CO2.微生物鉴定结果表明,降解邻 二甲苯的微生物主要是青霉菌和诺卡氏菌.     

基于生物浸提技术的钴白合金中铜和钴的浸出效果及浸出机理

钴白合金是铜钴矿深加工过程中的副产物,其中的钴、铜等金属资源具有较高的回收价值.利用3种混合菌体系(At、Af、Lf)浸提钴白合金中的铜和钴,考察了在不同固液比下非接触和接触浸提铜和钴的浸出率并对其浸出机理进行了探究.在非接触浸出1％固液比下,钴的浸出率为100％,浸出浓度为1 356.14mg·L-1,铜的浸出率为7...     

Alteration in Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Afforested <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamnus lycioides</Emphasis> Seedlings in Short-Term Response to Mycorrhizal Inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glomus intraradices</Emphasis> and Organic Amendment

The reestablisment of autochthonous plant species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded areas under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was carried out to assess the short-term effect of two reafforestation methods involving mycorrhizal inoculation and compost addition on soil quality parameters and Rhamnus lycioides seedling growth. The nutrient content (NPK) and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) increased and bulk density decreased in the rhizosphere soil with the organic amendment. Biomass C of rhizosphere soil increased by at least 240% with respect to the control soil after mycorrhizal inoculation and the combination of compost addition + mycorrhizal inoculation. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and composted organic residue addition increased R. lycioides seedling growth in the same proportion. In the short term, we conclude that the application of both reafforestation methods not only enhances the establishment of R. lycioides seedlings, but also improves soil quality.     

A fungal perspective on conservation biology

Hitherto fungi have rarely been considered in conservation biology, but this is changing as the field moves from addressing single species issues to an integrative ecosystem‐based approach. The current emphasis on biodiversity as a provider of ecosystem services throws the spotlight on the vast diversity of fungi, their crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems, and the benefits of considering fungi in concert with animals and plants. We reviewed the role of fungi in ecosystems and composed an overview of the current state of conservation of fungi. There are 5 areas in which fungi can be readily integrated into conservation: as providers of habitats and processes important for other organisms; as indicators of desired or undesired trends in ecosystem functioning; as indicators of habitats of conservation value; as providers of powerful links between human societies and the natural world because of their value as food, medicine, and biotechnological tools; and as sources of novel tools and approaches for conservation of megadiverse organism groups. We hope conservation professionals will value the potential of fungi, engage mycologists in their work, and appreciate the crucial role of fungi in nature. Una Perspectiva Micótica de la Biología de la Conservación     

酸法锂渣制取白炭黑研究

本文对用硫法锂渣制取白炭黑的基本原理及工艺流程作了较为详细的阐述，对该工艺的各种影响因素进行了探讨，并制得了合格的白炭黑，为锂渣的综合利用开辟了新的途径。     

白色污染的危害与现状分析

白色污染是社会经济发展中的一个现象,它在方便人们生活的同时,也是成了对环境、尤其是生态环境的污染.要对其进行有效的治理,就需要从白色污染产生的源头进行.本文从我国的国情和现状现政策入手,客观的分析了白色污染的成因,危害与影响,并根据我国社会生活的特点和现实需求,有针对性地提出了具体可行的建议.     

3株真菌对毒死蜱的降解特性

从污水排放口污泥中分离到3株以毒死蜱为唯一碳源生长的真菌WZ-Ⅰ、WZ-Ⅱ、WZ-Ⅲ,鉴定均为镰孢霉属(FusariumLK. exFx). 3株菌5d内对50mgL-1毒死蜱的降解率分别高达93. 5%、91. 4%和83. 5%.测定了不同碳源、pH、温度及毒死蜱浓度对真菌降解能力和生长量的影响.结果表明,以毒死蜱为唯一碳源且其浓度为20~200mgL-1,pH6. 5~9. 0,温度30 ~40℃时,真菌的降解效果较好;真菌生长量随外加碳源浓度的增加而增加,在pH 6. 5 ~9. 0时生长量较大,且当毒死蜱浓度为50mgL-1,温度40℃时其生长量最大. 图5表1参18     

白兰瓜果腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及优势病菌的毒性测定

对引起白兰瓜贮藏期果腐病的病原菌进行了分离、鉴定和致病性测定，明确了Fusarium lateritium Nees，Cephalothecium roseum，Aspergillus spp．，Penicillium spp．，Rhizopus stolonifer等5种引起白兰瓜果实腐烂的病原真菌，其中以F.lateritium Nees的危害最为严重，为优势菌，其次为C.roseum．而F.lateritium在pH6的Richard培养液中，置25℃黑暗静置培养14d后获得的培养滤液对白兰瓜种子胚根的抑制率最强．F.lateritium产生的毒素为非专化性毒素．表4参7