纵向通风隧道内火灾温度场分布规律研究

以狮子洋水下特长隧道为工程背景,利用CFD数值模拟软件FDS 4.01,建立隧道实体物理模型,进行火灾数值模拟分析。研究了列车火灾热释放功率为15 MW、不同坡度、不同纵向通风风速下,该类隧道内拱顶附近和2 m高处温度场的纵向分布规律,以及各工况下拱顶的最高温度,并分析其对隧道结构防火和人员疏散救援的影响。结果表明:随隧道坡度的增大,在同一通风速率下的烟气回流长度逐渐减小,但随着风速的加大,坡度对烟气回流的影响逐渐减弱;随着通风风速的增大,火区附近的温度下降,而沿程温度上升,纵向通风速率越大,拱顶温度越低。     

软土地铁隧道盾构工法端头井加固稳定性分析

以上海地铁10号线盾构隧道的进出口端头井加固为例,说明软土地区盾构端头井基坑的加固方法,重点说明高压旋喷桩和三轴搅拌桩联合加固在软土地区的应用和用FLAC软件对加固后土体进行稳定性分析。表明此种方法在软土盾构端头井加固的设计和施工的实用性,为以后同类工程的设计和施工起到一定的借鉴作用。     

关于“正弦振动试验”现行国家标准与正在修订中的新版标准的解读

正弦振动试验是试验室经常采用的振动方式,对应正弦振动试验国家标准GB／T2423．10应用非常广泛。本文介绍了该标准的用途、制修订背景等,在此基础上分析了现行正弦振动试验国家标准GB／T2423．10—2008与正在修订的6B／T2423．10—201×之间的异同之处,并指明了此标准应用中的几点注意的问题。     

多轴载荷下结构细节疲劳强度额定值确定方法

目的提出一种在多轴载荷下确定结构细节疲劳强度额定值的方法。方法基于单轴双点法细节疲劳强度额定值(DFR)确定方法,在多轴载荷下,首先利用高周多轴疲劳损伤模型求出其等效应力幅(等效拉伸应力幅或等效剪应力幅),结合Goodman方程,把等效应力幅转换为应力比R=0.06时的最大正应力,最终确定多轴条件下的细节疲劳强度额定值。通过7075-T651铝合金薄壁管进行单轴疲劳试验,确定单轴细节疲劳强度额定值,并进行多轴疲劳试验,包括比例加载和非比例加载。结果采用该方法预测多轴载荷下的DFR值,对比单轴试验的DFR值,相对误差的绝对值在10%左右。结论该方法确定多轴条件下的结构细节疲劳强度额定值具有较好的效果。     

Climate pioneership and leadership in structurally disadvantaged maritime port cities

ABSTRACT

Innovative climate governance in small-to-medium-sized structurally disadvantaged cities (SDCs) are assessed. Considering their deeply ingrained severe economic and social problems it would be reasonable to assume that SDCs act primarily as climate laggards or at best as followers. However, novel empirical findings show that SDCs are capable of acting as climate pioneers. Different types and styles of climate leadership and pioneership and how they operate within multi-level and polycentric governance structures are identified and assessed. SDCs seem relatively readily willing to adopt transformational climate pioneership styles to create ‘green’ jobs, for example, in the offshore wind energy sector and with the aim of improving their poor external image. However, in order to sustain transformational climate pioneership they often have to rely on support from ‘higher’ levels of governance. For SDCs, there is a tension between learning from each other’s best practice and fierce economic competition in climate innovation.     

配式钢混拱桥钢板加固立柱节点抗震研究

为研究装配式钢筋混凝土拱桥腹孔墩柱节点在地震荷载作用下的力学性能和破坏机理,通过拟静力试验和数值模拟计算,对比分析了立柱节点未加固、钢板加固两种情况下的抗震性能.设计制作8mm的钢板加固试件,采用拟静力试验得到试件的滞回曲线、等效阻尼比、初始刚度、荷载-位移骨架曲线作为衡量结构的耗能能力的指标.建立了装配式钢筋混凝土拱...     

Investigation of long-term river water quality variations using different urbanization indices and assessment of common scientific perspectives of urbanization on water quality

This study investigated the water quality variation spanning 30 years (1986–2017) in 16 catchments of Hong Kong against different urbanization indices, namely, built area fraction; population; and product of population and built area fraction. Pearson correlations of three different periods of time (1988–1990, 1998–2000, and 2015–2017) indicated that water quality trends were dependent on the urbanization index. Total solids, nitrite-nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate had significant deteriorative trends (Pearson r > 0.5 and p < 0.05) with population and product of built area and population. Results also interpreted that built area fraction and product of built area and population were the worst and best indices that represented urbanization and/or its impacts, respectively. Mann-Kendall test for the entire 30 year period showed that water quality had improved with time with respect to certain water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids). The results portrayed that although the urbanization of catchments had increased with time, the river water quality with respect to many parameters showed signs of improvement and the legislative measures implemented seemed to be effective in controlling pollution.     

民机适航噪声横向衰减特性分析及飞行试验研究

目的 进行民机适航噪声横向衰减建模及特性研究。方法 对民机适航噪声横向衰减工程模型进行分析,建立其主要影响因素的计算模型,基于模型设计等效飞行试验方法,以及试验数据设计横向衰减分析流程,通过某型国产民机噪声飞行试验,对横向衰减特性及模型进行分析。结果 民机适航的横向噪声受声传播效应、地面散射效应和动力装置/机体噪声安装效应等影响较大,声传播效应和地面散射效应分别对高频和低频成分具有显著影响,动力装置/机体噪声安装效应导致的噪声指向性差异也是影响横向衰减的主要因素。对于民机适航噪声评价量,横向衰减模型能够得到与飞行试验结果趋势一致的结果,但工程应用中仍需通过飞行试验进行修正。结论 提出的民机适航噪声横向衰减影响因素的量化计算模型以及等效飞行试验方法,可用于国产民机低噪声设计、噪声适航审定和机场周围噪声污染计算,服务于国产民机设计及适航取证。     

旋流气浮除油装置预处理含油污水

在河南油田开展旋流气浮除油装置的现场试验,考察进水流量和曝气量对旋流气浮除油装置除油效果的影响。试验结果表明:在进水流量为1.8 m³/h、曝气量为0.5 L/min时,除油率最高达到96.03%;在不添加任何药剂的条件下,装置处理效果稳定;连续运行6 d内,进水含油量为174.57~1 193.15 mg/L时,出水含油量可以保持在137.38 mg/L以下,除油率为58.58%~94.53%。     

医疗焚烧废渣的固定化试验研究

医疗垃圾属于国家规定的危险废物,焚烧后的残渣同样存在最后稳定化的问题,国外处理方法主要是填埋和基础回填,本文通过对两种胶凝材料(普硅水泥和复合矿渣水泥)对医疗废渣的固定化效果研究,探讨医疗废渣再利用的可行性和影响因素。