煤矿生产安全风险管理机制的研究与应用

通过对我国煤炭行业及典型煤炭企业的安全及安全管理的现状分析,找出煤炭企业在安全风险管理方面存在的主要问题;利用系统安全科学理论、风险管理理论、个体及群体行为理论、数理统计方法等,以平煤集团为样本,根据安全管理的3E原则,从技术保障、组织保障、文化教育保障等方面全方位地研究煤矿生产安全风险管理模型。通过该模型研究,为煤矿生产安全风险管理提供一套系统的理论体系和思路;在模型研究的基础上,应用先进的计算机技术,开发出网络版的煤矿生产安全风险管理系统,为生产现场提供先进、便捷的安全风险管理手段。     

建设工程重大危险源界定和辨识标准研究

以重大危险源为研究对象,对当前重大危险源辨识标准进行研讨,指出建设工程重大危险源管理中存在的问题;从风险角度,结合建设工程实际,提出建设工程重大危险源的定义;从事故后果和发生概率两个角度,提出12个辨识因子,建立建设工程重大危险源辨识标准。以实例对某桥梁一处模板工程重大危险源进行辨识,验证了该标准的可行性,为建设工程安全风险管理提供一种新方法。     

地方煤矿安全生产政府监管的失效及对策

在分析地方煤矿安全生产形势的基础上,探讨加强政府监管的必要性,指出政府监管的失效是矿难事故发生的深层次原因。基于公共选择的"经济人"假设理论,从地方煤矿监管中涉及的中央政府、地方政府、煤矿企业和煤矿工人等多方利益主体的博弈角度分析政府监管失效的根本原因;根据地方煤矿安全政府监管的实情,提出构建多方利益主体的政府监管体系、运行机制和具体路径选择。该研究成果对提高政府监管执行力,减少地方煤矿事故频发具有一定的理论指导和实践参考价值。     

Journalistic Norms,Cultural Values,and Coverage of Climate Change in the Philippines

Developing nations have tended to have been overlooked in studies of climate reporting. This study is based upon a content analysis of three daily newspapers in the Philippines to examine climate change coverage compared to reporting by Western wire services. In addition, the study draws on individualist–collectivist theory to theorize about differences in reporting between the Philippine and Western wire sources. Despite the historic influence of the American news system on Philippine journalism, the study finds that Western journalistic norms do not describe Philippine climate reporting well and that Filipino-penned articles are more likely to include the value of collectivism rather than individualism. This suggests that national cultural differences may be reflected in climate reporting.     

Characterization of bacterial diversity in an atrazine degrading enrichment culture and degradation of atrazine,cyanuric acid and biuret in industrial wastewater

An enrichment culture was used to study atrazine degradation in mineral salt medium (MSM) (T1), MSM+soil extract (1:1, v/v) (T2) and soil extract (T3). Results suggested that enrichment culture required soil extract to degrade atrazine, as after second sequential transfer only partial atrazine degradation was observed in T1 treatment while atrazine was completely degraded in T2 and T3 treatments even after fourth transfer. Culture independent polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique confirmed selective enrichment of genus Bacillus along with Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. Degradation of atrazine/metabolites in the industrial wastewater was studied at different initial concentrations of the contaminants [wastewater-water (v/v) ratio: T1, 1:9; T2, 2:8; T3, 3:7; T4, 5:5 and T5, undiluted effluent]. The initial concentrations of atrazine, cyanuric acid and biuret ranged between 5.32 and 53.92 µg mL^?1, 265.6 and 1805.2 µg mL^?1 and 1.85 and 16.12 µg mL^?1, respectively. The enrichment culture was able to completely degrade atrazine, cyanuric acid and biuret up to T4 treatment, while no appreciable degradation of contaminants was observed in the undiluted effluent (T5). Inability of enrichment culture to degrade atrazine/metabolites might be due to high concentrations of cyanuric acid. Therefore, a separate study on cyanuric acid degradation suggested: (i) no appreciable cyanuric acid degradation with accumulation of an unidentified metabolite in the medium where cyanuric acid was supplemented as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen; (ii) partial cyanuric acid degradation with accumulation of unidentified metabolite in the medium containing additional nitrogen source; and (iii) complete cyanuric acid degradation in the medium supplemented with an additional carbon source. This unidentified metabolite observed during cyanuric acid degradation and also detected in the enrichment culture inoculated wastewater samples, however, was degraded up to T4 treatments and was persistent in the T5 treatment. Probably, accumulation of this metabolite inhibited atrazine/cyanuric acid degradation by the enrichment culture in undiluted wastewater.     

长江流域水电站施工区生活垃圾特性及处理处置决策模型研究

随着中国长江流域水电开发进入高峰期,大量的建设人员进入水电站施工营地,导致施工区的生活垃圾处理处置问题日益凸显。通过对金沙江HPS1水电站、雅砻江HPS2水电站和HPS3水电站、大渡河HPS4水电站施工区生活垃圾状况的调查表明,水电站施工生活区生活垃圾人均产量平均值约为0.68kg/d;以厨余、渣土、纸类塑料和橡胶为主,电池等危险废物含量甚微;容重、低位热值、生物可降解物质量分数的平均值分别为358kg/m3、5 234kJ/kg、43.22%。结合施工区所处的环境条件和周围的市政设施现状,采用层次分析法和最小成本法,构建了长江流域水电站施工区生活垃圾处理处置决策模型,可为大型水电站开发过程中施工区生活垃圾全过程管理提供指导。根据决策模型计算得出,HPS1、HPS2、HPS4水电站施工区生活垃圾最优处理处置技术为卫生填埋,HPS3水电站以外运综合处理最优。     

利用高炉瓦斯泥中的锌制备活性氧化锌的研究

利用高炉炼铁瓦斯泥中的锌,采用火法富集和湿法浸取制取活性氧化锌。考察了温度、时间对火法富集产品中氧化锌含量和原料瓦斯泥中锌挥发率的影响,确定了富集工艺的最佳条件为:在氮气氛围下,温度从常温以10℃/min升温至1 000℃并且在1 000℃下保持1 h,得到的富集产品中氧化锌含量82.24%;瓦斯泥中锌挥发率97%。同时考察了温度、氨水用量、碳酸氢铵用量和液固比等因素对氧化锌浸取率的影响。确定的最佳工艺条件为:浸取温度40℃,氨水用量为理论量的2倍,碳酸氢铵用量为理论量的2倍,液固比4∶1,浸取时间2 h,氧化锌浸取率达99.9%。湿法制得的活性前驱体碱式碳酸锌,经煅烧得到纯度为98.4%的活性氧化锌产品,氧化锌的总回收率达95.3%。     

石化企业固定顶储罐挥发性有机物排放量影响因素的分析

采用美国国家环保局推荐的储罐挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放量定量计算方法,以北京某石化企业轻柴油固定顶储罐为案例对象,计算了固定顶储罐的总损失。通过对不同参数进行调节,比较分析了各变量对损失量的影响程度,得出了影响固定顶储罐静置储藏损失和工作损失的关键参数和次要参数。并在此基础上,提出了降低固定顶储罐VOCs排放量的对应措施。实验结果表明:影响固定顶储罐静置储藏损失的关键参数为油品蒸气相对分子质量、日平均液体表面温度和液体存储高度,次要参数为日环境温差和罐漆太阳能吸收率;影响工作损失的关键参数为油品蒸气相对分子质量、日平均液体表面温度和年净周转量。     

Degradation of atrazine in mineral salts medium and soil using enrichment culture

Atrazine degrading enrichment culture was prepared by its repeated addition to an alluvial soil and its ability to degrade atrazine in mineral salts medium and soil was studied. Enrichment culture utilized atrazine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen in mineral salts medium and degradation slowed down when sucrose and/or ammonium hydrogen phosphate were supplemented as additional source of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. Biuret was detected as the only metabolite of atrazine while deethylatrazine, deisopropyatrazine, hydroxyatrazine and cyanuric acid were never detected at any stage of degradation. Enrichment culture degraded atrazine in an alkaline alluvial soil while no degradation was observed in the acidic laterite soil. Enrichment culture was able to withstand high concentrations of atrazine (110 μg/g) in the alluvial soil as atrazine was completely degraded. Developed mixed culture has the ability to degrade atrazine and has potential application in decontamination of contaminated water and soil.     

COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLID–PHASE EXTRACTION METHODS FOR THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES IN WATER

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) procedure has been developed to ex tract eight organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in water and the method was compared with a conventional solid phase extraction (SPE) technique. The extracted OPs were analyzed by gas chromatography using thermionic specific detection. Both extraction methods presented linear calibration at least over the concentration range investigated (100 to 1000 ng.mL^?1 for SPE and 1 to 100 ng.mL^?1 for SPME). SPME method presented higher sensitivity than SPE. The quantitation limits were between 0.1 to 1.0 ng.mL^?1 for SPME depending upon the analyte, and 100 ng.mL^?1 for SPE. The precision, as measured by the standard deviations (RSD), were in the range 3.6 % to 5.8 % for SPME and 2.4 % to 9.2 % for SPE.

Along with the feature of being a solvent – free sampling technique, SPME offers additional benefits due to its high sensitivity, simplicity, and small size sample required (typically: SPE – 500 mL, SPME – 5 mL).