The impact of workplace exclusion on the humanitarian response to the refugee crisis in Lebanon

A contemporary issue of major concern is the millions of people fleeing homelands owing to political and socioeconomic challenges and seeking assistance elsewhere throughout the world. An effective response to this crisis includes support models that meet the various needs of refugee populations. In the complex system of humanitarian action, aid workers, among a multiplicity of actors, are the most important assets. This study utilised an inclusion–exclusion theoretical lens to examine the impact of their workplace experiences on activities in the context of the refugee crisis in Lebanon. In-depth interviews were held with 36 humanitarian practitioners, representing five international organisations that are involved in refugee aid programmes in the country. The study led to a new understanding of the link between inclusion and exclusion and the effectiveness of the humanitarian response to emergencies. In addition, it yielded new insights into apprehension about the national–international divide and its consequences for humanitarian assistance.     

基于案例比较的我国生产安全事故系统性风险实证研究*

为开展生产安全事故系统性风险实证研究,从风险治理角度提出单位国内生产总值生产安全事故死亡率、工矿商贸就业人员10万人生产安全事故死亡率、生产安全事故致死率和重特大事故死亡人数占比4项指标,采用秩和比法构造相对安全风险指数(SRI),并以江苏和宁夏为例开展实证研究。研究结果表明:SRI可更好地量化和反映我国生产安全事故系统性风险水平;近年我国系统性风险非持续下降,呈波动变化;事故少发地区的系统性风险不一定小于事故多发地区。研究结果可为我国安全生产战略谋划和顶层设计提供新思路。     

合理构建视频显示终端(VDT)作业疲劳工间休息制度

为了减少VDT(视频显示终端)作业对操作者健康的负面影响,合理地安排工作和休息时间以及设计良好的工作环境有助于减轻、缓解或消除VDT作业的疲劳。通过多项VDT数据输入作业实验,依据作业者作业能力变动的规律性,对不同类型的VDT作业者可能需要设置不同的工间休息制度。经过对实验数据的分析,数据输入的工作主要是信息接受和信息输出,属于事务性脑力劳动。只要合理地安排工作和休息时间以及设计良好的工作环境,就可以减少VDT对眼睛、骨骼及肌肉的疾患发生。     

《工伤保险条例》立法偏向的探讨

在介绍和分析《工伤保险条例》现有评论意见的基础上,从不同的视角分析《工伤保险条例》对《企业职工工伤保险试行办法》的关键修订点,笔者认为,尽管《工伤保险条例》对以往的工伤保险制度作出了一些重要的修正,但透过几处关键的改点,可以认为她是一部在一定程度上弱化了工伤劳动者权益保护的法规。     

从一起油罐事故谈安全检查表的应用

分析了一起油罐维修施工中发生的火灾事故,提出应用安全检查表强化施工动火的安全管理,取得了较好的效果.     

桥式刮油刮渣机的发展及应用

桥式刮油刮渣机是一种新型高效连续运行的水处理设备,非常适用于冶金、矿山、煤炭化工、造纸、印染、皮革、电镀等工业废水的处理,既可刮渣又可刮油,以达到废水回用的目的,介绍了桥式刮油刮渣机的分类,并对其发展与应用进行深入分析。     

CE-318太阳光度计在大气环境监测中的应用

CE-318太阳光度计自动进行太阳直接辐射和天空光扫描探测,通过反演计算可获取大气气溶胶各种光学特性,在大气环境监测与研究领域发挥着重要作用。介绍了CE-318太阳光度计的仪器结构、测量工作程序和反演算法,并对2010年重庆城区大气Angstrom波长指数测量结果进行了简要分析。     

Recovery from job stress: The stressor‐detachment model as an integrative framework

This paper reviews empirical evidence on psychological detachment from work during nonwork time. Psychological detachment as a core recovery experience refers to refraining from job‐related activities and thoughts during nonwork time; it implies to mentally disengage from one's job while being away from work. Using the stressor‐detachment model as an organizing framework, we describe findings from between‐person and within‐person studies, relying on cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and daily‐diary designs. Overall, research shows that job stressors, particularly workload, predict low levels of psychological detachment. A lack of detachment in turn predicts high strain levels and poor individual well‐being (e.g., burnout and lower life satisfaction). Psychological detachment seems to be both a mediator and a moderator in the relationship between job stressors on the one hand and strain and poor well‐being on the other hand. We propose possible extensions of the stressor‐detachment model by suggesting moderator variables grounded in the transactional stress model. We further discuss avenues for future research and offer practical implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Are older workers more active copers? Longitudinal effects of age‐contingent coping on strain at work

This study addresses coping processes as explanation of age‐related differences in strain experience. Based on the life‐span theory of control, we posit that older workers employ more active problem‐focused and more active emotion‐focused coping strategies than younger workers, which should mediate age effects on strain at work. The correlation between age and passive avoidance coping, in contrast, is expected to be qualified by external resources such as job control. Hypotheses were tested in a two‐wave panel study (8 months lag) with 634 workers (age range 16–65 years). Job demands were considered as control variables. As predicted, older as compared with younger workers reported more active problem‐focused coping, which mediated age differences on strain in the longitudinal analysis. No mediation was found for active emotion‐focused coping. Moreover, age‐contingent effects of passive avoidance coping were moderated by job control. When job control was low, younger as compared with older workers reported more avoidance coping, which in turn decreased strain in the longitudinal analysis. Finally, reverse longitudinal effects of age‐contingent strain on active problem‐focused and active emotion‐focused coping provide initial evidence for age‐contingent resource spirals. Together, the results reveal specific strengths of older workers for stress management at work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高温高湿环境下人员劳动负荷与疲劳水平试验研究

为了找出高温高湿作业环境下人员劳动强度对生理、心理指标的影响规律,在实验室建立了高温高湿环境模拟体系.试验人员选择年龄相近、身体状况相仿的50名在校大学生,设定了微风(风速小于1.5 m/s)及湿球黑球温度(WBGT)为26℃、33℃、35℃、38℃以上4种环境条件,试验人员按事先规定的运动方式从事极重体力劳动和重体力劳动负荷训练,实时监测人员心率和评价主观疲劳程度,计算人员心血管负荷(CVL)和主观疲劳程度,对数据进行相关性分析,并绘制不同劳动负荷、不同环境温度下的柱状趋势图.结果表明,在同等劳动负荷下,人员心血管负荷和主观疲劳程度与环境温度(WBGT)存在正相关性.根据人员心血管负荷预警级别,提出当作业环境温度(WBGT)达到35℃及以上时,应立即停止人员重体力和极重体力劳动负荷作业.根据试验结果,结合现场实际,提出从事高温高湿作业的人员,应合理安排劳动和作息,加强水盐及营养的补充,加强个体健康监护.