Rate of occupational accidents in the mining industry since 1950--a successful approach to prevention policy

This paper deals with the decrease in the rate of accident insurance claims in the German mining industry over the last five decades. It intends to show that this process is above all the result of a prevention policy where companies and the body responsible for the legal accident insurance in the mining industry, the Bergbau-Berufsgenossenschaft (BBG), work hand in hand. A system like the German accident insurance scheme, combining prevention, rehabilitation, and compensation, enables successful and modern safety and health measures.     

基于AHP与重要性指标筛选的神经网络评价模型与应用

以对评价目标有影响的所有评价指标作为神经网络的输入,会导致网络模型复杂、降低其性能和影响计算精度的问题,因而提出基于层次分析法和重要性指标筛选法的神经网络评价建模方法即首先运用层次分析法对评价指标进行重要度排序,然后利用重要性指标筛选法过滤出对评价目标有重要影响的指标,以其结果作为神经网络的输入。该法不仅简化网络模型,而且提高网络的性能和计算精度。运用该法对企业安全工作评价,结果证明,不仅是可行的,而且达到了预期的目的。     

企业安全生产责任的图表分析法研究

企业的任何一项安全生产业务都可以分解为一系列安全生产责任,完成一项安全生产业务,都需有若干个步骤,要几个部门或人员参加。为了最大限度地节省人力、物力和财力资源,提高效率,应尽量避免安全生产责任的交叉和步骤的重复,并且做到安全生产责任落实到企业部门或人员。本文充分利用图表直观的特点,提出了一种用图表分析企业安全生产责任的方法,明确了企业安全生产业务责任图表的基本概念及其编制过程,给出了分析案例。     

加强生产领域公共安全监管问题的思考

对生产领域公共安全及其综合监督管理,是当前安全生产管理工作亟待研究和解决的问题.本文从公共安全、生产领域公共安全、职业安全的内涵关系入手,分析了生产领域公共安全监管存在的突出问题,从综合监管的体制和机制的层面上,在基本思路、法律制度、工作体系、统计制度和监管手段等方面,提出了加强生产领域公共安全监管的措施建议,并作了一些思考和探索.     

我国危险化学品安全生产现状与对策

危险化学品事故后果与其它事故相比,更具突发性、复杂性点,直接影响经济发展和社会安定.因此,危险化学品安全生产在我国安全生产格局中占据比较重要的位置.为探索我国危险化学品安全生产对策,在对我国危险化学品领域安全生产深入研究的基础上,分析了我国危险化学品安全生产的形势和存在的主要问题,并提出了包括逐步完善危险化学品安全生产法律法规标准、强化各级安全生产责任制、加大危险化学品安全科学技术研究和推广应用、加强对重大危险源的监控、加快危险化学品应急救援体系建设等主要对策措施,这对提高我国危险化学品安全生产水平具有一定的借鉴意义.     

The relationship between protective and risk characteristics of acting and experienced workload, and musculoskeletal disorder cases among nurses

PROBLEMS: Limited research is available on the acting (work characteristics) and experienced (perceived stress) workload of nurses. The relationship between risk and protective characteristics of work-related factors and the prevalence of musculoskletal symptoms in different body regions is also unclear. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional design with 97 female registered nurses working in a hospital setting. Two surveys were used to document the workload exposure of the nurses. One survey consisted of 148 items aimed to measure the acting workload variables from the environment; the other survey included 33 items that were aimed to measure the nurses' experienced workload. The musculoskeletal outcomes were documented with a modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Survey. RESULTS: Factor analyses revealed three factors that accounted for 56% of the total variance. Factor 1 (i.e., integrated experienced energy replenishment/expenditure) represented the psychological effects of work characteristics, effort, perceived risk, and performance. Factor 2 (i.e., acting energy replenishment/expenditure) consisted of non-physical variables of the work characteristics, while Factor 3 (i.e., acting energy expenditure) included both acting and experienced workload. Logistic regression analyses indicated that Factor 3 was significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms of lower and upper back, hands/wrists, and knees/lower legs (odds ratios > 1.0). Factor 2 was significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper back and knees/lower legs (odds ratios < 1.0). SUMMARY: Both the acting and experienced workloads exhibited associations with musculoskeletal outcomes in the lower back, upper back, hands/wrists, and knees/lower legs in terms of risk and protective effects.     

Getting away from them all: Managing exhaustion from social interaction with telework

Drawing on the conservation of resources and recovery literatures, we examine how social job characteristics—interpersonal interaction, job interdependence, and external interaction—relate to work exhaustion. We then explore the efficacy of a part‐time telework (PTT) practice in alleviating work exhaustion associated with social interaction. Study 1 is a within‐subject assessment of work exhaustion before and after a PTT practice; participants are 51 information technology professionals in a financial services firm. Study 2 is a between‐subject assessment of work exhaustion among part‐time teleworkers and non‐teleworkers; participants are 258 U.S. workers spanning a variety of industries. Study 2 replicated the model tested in Study 1, and we extended the conceptualization of interpersonal interaction to examine both quantity and quality of interaction. In both studies, PTT provided a recovery opportunity, attenuating the relationship between interpersonal interaction and work exhaustion; however, after PTT but not before, work exhaustion increased as external interaction increased. In Study 2, work exhaustion decreased as interaction quality increased; in contrast, work exhaustion increased as interaction quantity increased and PTT attenuated this relationship. Our recommendations aim to help balance telework practices in light of social job characteristics and their opposing effects on work exhaustion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

校正系数在工作曲线中应用

采用大肚移液管，将标准溶液配制成整数级别的贮备液、中间液、使用液时，利用工作曲线计算测定值需要引入校正系数，利用该方法可简化操作，减少误差提高实验准确度、精密度。     

推进地方防震减灾工作的实践与探讨

文章总结了近年来,胶州市市委、市政府为提高城市总体防御灾害的能力,在城市规划设防和防震减灾工作等方面采取的种种措施.根据胶州市目前的实际情况,进行回顾性总结分析,并就当前城市规划和防震减灾所面临的若干问题进行了分析与探讨.     

对县级地震局工作的几点认识

本文从建设、管理、应急和宣传等方面对县级地震局的工作进行了一定的阐述,指出县级地震局在新形势下必须解放思想,转变作风,抓住机遇,乘势而上,努力作好协调管理、监测预报、知识宣传、地震应急等工作。对做好县级地震局的工作有一定意义。