中国的妇女劳动保护

目前我国已有女职工5260万人,50％集中在工业部门,妇女劳动保护工作十分重要。在中国注意了在保护妇女劳动权利的基础上保护妇女在生产劳动中的安全和健康,并且把保护妇女的母性机能作为妇女劳动保护的中心任务。中国有较完善的妇女劳动保护法规。在工作方法上注意了把妇女劳动保护与妇女保健密切结合起来。为做好妇女劳动保护工作,劳动部门、卫生部门、工会和妇女联合会紧密配合,共同协作,大学和科学研究机构也参与这项工作。     

网格技术支持下的我国地震工程远程协同试验系统

建设我国地震工程远程协同试验系统（NEESGrid CN）的目的是促进国内地震工程研究领域的资源共享和同行间的交流、联合，为防震减灾相关研究工作提供交互平台。从NEESGrid CN建设的框架出发，明确了系统建设的原则，分析了地震工程远程协同中专业计算机的作用，阐明了LOOKING信息收集的功能，同时指出了NEESGrid CN发展的关键技术问题，即异构数据和数据流服务。最后，分析了几种NEESGrid CN的工作模式。     

用高纯亚硝酸钠配制标准储备液省略标定过程的探讨

对配制亚硝酸盐氮标准贮备液的两种方法进行简单的介绍、并做标准曲线,对标准样品和水样进行对比实验。结果表明,两种方法做的标准曲线之间无显著性差异,监测结果较为一致。用高纯亚硝酸钠配制标准储备液省略标定过程的方法实际工作中具有参考价值。     

免疫粒子群优化在波阻抗反演中的应用

针对标准粒子群优化(PSO)算法易出现早熟而陷入局部最优以及进化后期收敛速度慢等缺陷,引入免疫系统的免疫记忆和抗体浓度选择机制,构造了基于免疫机制的粒子群优化(IPSO)算法,并将其应用到波阻抗反演问题中。免疫记忆能够保留高适应度个体,抗体浓度选择机制进一步保证了粒子的多样性,从而能较好地避免早熟收敛,提高算法的全局搜索能力。对理论模型试算表明,IPSO算法在进行波阻抗反演时不仅收敛速度快,而且具有较高的精确度和抗噪性能。     

Occupational safety conditions of bus drivers in Metro Manila,the Philippines

The study looks into the occupational safety and working conditions among bus drivers in Metro Manila, the Philippines. Quantitative data were collected through survey interviews of 95 bus drivers using the stratified sampling technique. Results showed that bus drivers worked an average of 16?h/day and were engaged in risky driving behaviors such as over-speeding and road racing in order to reach their quota for the day. Fifty-nine percent experienced work-related accidents, with a mean of three accidents. The most common accident was hitting another vehicle followed by side swipe. The accidents were blamed on other drivers, followed by vehicle defect, inattentiveness and tiredness/micro-sleep or sudden involuntary sleep while driving. The most common health symptoms experienced by the bus drivers were fatigue, back pain, and cough and colds. This study underlines the need for an occupational health and safety program for bus drivers in the Philippines.     

Occupational safety and health as an element of a complex compensation system evaluation within an organization

Occupational safety and health (OSH) plays a significant role in today’s organizations, because it helps in attracting and retaining employees as well as molding their attitudes and behaviors at work. This is why the issue of OSH is stressed in a comprehensive approach to employee rewards: the total reward concept. This article explains how OSH may be included in a complex evaluation process of the compensation system. Although the literature on the effectiveness of employee compensation refers mainly to financial and non-financial components, there is a need for inclusion of working conditions in such analyses. An evaluation of the compensation system that incorporates OSH can drive many benefits for both the organization and employees. Obtaining such benefits, however, requires systematic evaluation of the reward system, including OSH. Incorporation of OSH issue within the comprehensive analysis of compensation systems promotes responsible behavior of all stakeholders.     

三氯化铝在酸性环境中对斑马鱼幼鱼运动及学习记忆能力的影响

以斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼为实验对象,探讨三氯化铝(Al Cl3)在酸性环境中对斑马鱼幼鱼运动能力及学习记忆的影响。将受精后6 h(hours post-fertilization)的斑马鱼胚胎分成2个大组,分别为对照组和三氯化铝组,以观察三氯化铝的毒性作用。每一大组又分为中性(pH7.4)、微酸(pH6.4)和酸性(pH5.4)组,以观察酸性环境分别及与三氯化铝的共同毒性作用。分别采用72 hpf斑马鱼幼鱼机械逃避反射实验、144 hpf斑马鱼幼鱼自发运动、168 hpf单一多次光刺激斑马鱼幼鱼实验等探讨在中性、微酸和酸性环境下暴露铝离子对斑马鱼幼鱼运动能力以及学习记忆的影响。结果显示:与中性环境下的三氯化铝组相比,微酸和酸性环境下的三氯化铝组可以使斑马鱼幼鱼机械逃避次数减少(P0.05),平均速度和移动距离下降(P0.001),斑马鱼幼鱼运动轨迹杂乱无章,自发触壁活动减少;单一多次光刺激实验结果发现,微酸和酸性环境下的三氯化铝组使斑马鱼幼鱼到达平台速度的光照次数显著增加且差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。以上结果说明,三氯化铝在微酸和酸性环境下,能导致斑马鱼幼鱼运动能力及学习记忆能力下降,并且酸度值越小,对斑马鱼幼鱼运动和学习记忆的影响更显著。酸度值与三氯化铝之间存在协同作用,酸性环境可以使三氯化铝毒性增加。     

A two-dimensional analytical model of PEMFC with dead-ended anode

ABSTRACT

When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) works in the mode of dead-ended anode (DA), the water and the nitrogen in the cathode flow channel will diffuse, and accumulate, to the anode flow channel resulting in fuel starvation on the anode side as well as the performance degradation of PEMFC, which has an important impact on the durability and working state of PEMFC. Because the PEMFC performance is closely related to the cathode working parameters, in order to study the influence of the cathode working parameters on the performance of the PEMFC with DA, a two-dimensional analytical model of PEMFC with DA is established in this article, and the parameters in the model are corrected by experiments. The effects of humidity, stoichiometric ratio and working pressure of cathode gas on the performance of PEMFC with DA are studied by model and experiment, as well as the effects of these working parameters on the accumulation process and distribution of water vapor and nitrogen on the anode side, and the relative performance of PEMFC with DA under different cathode working parameters is obtained. This model is of great significance to guide the practical work of the PEMFC with DA.     

通信作业环境挥发性有机物的定性分析与表征

了解通信机房作业环境挥发性有机物（VOCs)的种类和污染状况，为制定防治措施提供依据，利用气相色谱-质谱计算机联用系统（GC-MS），对地面和地下共10个典型作业环境的VOCs进行了采集和全谱分析，结果表明，共检出332种污染物质，包括苯系物、脂肪烃、多环芳烃、有机醇、酮、胺、脂、羟酸及杂环化合物等，结论是，通信机房VOCs种类繁多、来源复杂，其联合作用可能是影响工作人员工作效率和身心健康的重要源因之一。     

聚乙二醇为软段聚氨酯自修复涂层性能研究

目的设计并制备一种特殊分子结构的新型聚氨酯,并将其形状记忆性能应用于涂层自修复。通过与市售同类涂层进行性能对比,更为严谨科学地评测新型自修复涂层的性能。方法以羟甲基丁酸、二甲基甲酰胺作为扩链剂,采用聚乙二醇为分子链软段,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为硬段,采用溶液聚合法得到水性聚氨酯。设置对照组,涂以不同聚氨酯涂层,进行加速腐蚀试验。使用体视显微镜测试、傅氏转换红外光谱分析、热重分析、电化学工作站对聚氨酯的表面形貌、化学结构、热性、极化特性及交流阻抗等性能指标参数进行测试。结果同等划痕处理情况下,所制备的自修复聚氨酯各项性能明显优于市面上使用的聚氨酯有机涂层材料性能。结论具有形状记忆性能的聚氨酯具有良好的自修复性能,可用于自修复涂层的成膜物。