Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中金属锌吸光度高的原因

通过实验发现,由于在消解过程中使用玻璃管移取氢氟酸,导致了玻璃中的锌进入了样品中,给样品的分析带来了干扰,从而导致了分析的失败.     

一株Zn抗性菌株的筛选鉴定及吸附条件优化

采用浓度梯度法从铅锌尾矿区与污水灌溉区土壤中筛选了一株Zn抗性放线菌,并通过形态与培养特征、生理生化特性、细胞壁组分与16SrRNA基因序列分析对该菌株进行了鉴定.同时,综合运用单因素试验与正交试验法对该菌株吸附Zn2+的条件进行了优化.结果表明,菌株CCNWHX72-14经鉴定为高加索链霉菌(Streptomyces ciscaucasicus),其对Zn2+的抗性达到845mg·L-1.锌胁迫生长曲线表明,该菌株在130mg·L-1Zn2+胁迫时生长良好,且最适培养时间为7d.各个单因素条件对该菌株吸附Zn2+的影响顺序为:接种量初始Zn2+浓度初始pH转速温度.该菌株吸附Zn2+的最佳条件为:初始Zn2+浓度为150mg·L-1,初始pH=5,接种量为1%,转速为60r·min-1,温度为28℃.菌株CCNWHX72-14在最佳条件下对Zn2+的吸附较具有良好的重复性与稳定性,最高吸附量可达51.05mg·g-1,该研究为进一步探讨链霉菌的Zn2+吸附机制及其在生物修复中的应用奠定了基础.     

Heavy metal （Pb,Zn） uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four wetland plants with different radial oxygen loss

Lead and Zn uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four emergent-rooted wetland plants; Aneilema bracteatum, Cyperus alternifolius, Ludwigia hyssopifolia and Veronica serpyllifolia were investigated by two experiments: (1) rhizobag filled with “clean” or metal-contaminated soil for analysis of Pb and Zn in plants and rhizosphere soils; and (2) applied deoxygenated solution for analyzing their rates of radial oxygen loss (ROL). The results showed that the wetland plants with di erent ROL rates had significant e ects on the mobility and chemical forms of Pb and Zn in rhizosphere under flooded conditions. These e ects were varied with di erent metal elements and metal concentrations in the soils. Lead mobility in rhizosphere of the four plants both in the “clean” and contaminated soils was decreased, while Zn mobility was increased in the rhizosphere of the “clean” soil, but decreased in the contaminated soil. Among the four plants, V. serpyllifolia, with the highest ROL, formed the highest degree of Fe plaque on the root surface, immobilized more Zn in Fe plaque, and has the highest e ects on the changes of Zn form (EXC-Zn) in rhizosphere under both “clean” and contaminated soil conditions. These results suggested that ROL of wetland plants could play an important role in Fe plaque formation and mobility and chemical changes of metals in rhizosphere soil under flood conditions.     

镧掺杂氧化锌光催化降解染料废水研究

以醋酸锌和硝酸镧为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用高分子网络凝胶法制备得到掺镧的Zn O纳米粉体。用制备的粉体对甲基橙进行光催化降解实验,考察了掺镧量对其光催化性能的影响。用X射线衍射仪、高分辨率透射电镜、X射线能谱仪、比表面积与孔隙率分析仪等对其进行表征。结果表明,镧的掺入提高了Zn O的光催化活性,镧锌摩尔质量比为0.2%时光催化性能最好,高压汞灯下反应1 h,甲基橙的脱色率为96.5%,相比于未掺杂的Zn O提高了11.5%。     

铁酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂的活性评价及表征

在自制的固定床反应器上研究了铁酸锌脱硫剂的硫化和再生性能。通过BET及XRD等测试手段,对试样进行了物性表征。结果表明：铁酸锌脱硫剂具有稳定、良好的硫化和再生性能,是适合工业化使用的一种高温煤气脱硫剂。     

导数光谱法同时测定人发中微量铜和锌

研究了以５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ作显色剂,利用三阶导数光谱法,在碱性介质中同时测定铜和锌。该法测定铜,锌的表观三阶导数摩尔吸光系数分别为１．０×１０＾５一３．０×１０＾５,同时解决也谱带相互重叠干扰问题,对人发中铜和锌进行测定,得到了满意结果。     

彩色显象管发光粉生产废水处理工艺研究

为了消除彩色显象管发光粉生产废水中重金属对环境的污染和实现资源回用,用Ｐ２０４－煤油－硫酸体系分离回收废水中的锌。研究结果表明,以皂化Ｐ２０４为萃取剂,经三级逆流Ｚｎ＾２的率可达９９％,共存的Ｎｉ＾２＋几乎不被萃取,Ｃｕ＾２＋的萃取率小于７％;用硫酸溶液对负锌萃取剂进行了二级逆流反萃取,反萃取率达９６％以上,反萃浓缩液可返回生产过程作用。     

Solubility and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in Two Contaminated Urban Soils from Stockholm,Sweden

The solubility and potential mobility of heavy metals (Cd, Cu,Hg, Pb and Zn) in two urban soils were studied by sequential andleaching extractions (rainwater). Compared to rural (arable) soils on similar parent material, the urban soils were highlycontaminated with Hg and Pb and to a lesser extent also with Cd,Cu and Zn. Metal concentrations in rainwater leachates were related to sequential extractions and metal levels reported fromStockholm groundwater. Cadmium and Zn in the soils were mainly recovered in easily extractable fractions, whereas Cu and Pb were complex bound. Concentrations of Pb in the residual fractionwere between two- and eightfold those in arable soils, indicatingthat the sequential extraction scheme did not reflect the solidphases affected by anthropogenic inputs. Cadmium and Zn conc. inthe rainwater leachates were within the range detected in Stockholm groundwater, while Cu and Pb conc. were higher, whichsuggests that Cu and Pb released from the surface soil were immobilised in deeper soil layers. In a soil highly contaminatedwith Hg, the Hg conc. in the leachate was above the median concentration, but still 50 times lower than the max concentration found in groundwater, indicating the possibilityof other sources. In conclusion, it proved difficult to quantitatively predict the mobility of metals in soils by sequential extractions.     

Zinc recovery from hazardous construction wastes via an integrated process of the air classification,alkaline leaching,and water washing

Zinc- and lead-containing wastes are often mixed with construction and demolition wastes in many factories, generating abundant of heavy metal-enriched hazardous waste. In the present study, a novel integrated process of air classification, alkaline leaching, and water washing dechlorination was proposed for the efficient recycling of Zinc (Zn) resources. The first air classification process was realized via venturi tube, wherein the content of Zn could increase by 20 wt.%. After that, the product underwent an alkaline leaching process. Results showed that Zn recovery rate increased with fine particle sizes, and a 65% recovery rate was obtained under the following conditions of 5 mol/L NaOH, liquid/solid 10:1, and leaching time 1 h. Finally, water washing associated with microwave and ultrasonic treatments could remove over 85% of Cl and other water-soluble salts. All the results indicated that the integrated method had an excellent recovery rate for Zn resources from construction and demolition wastes.