锌及其它重金属元素在土壤中迁移性的调控

实验表明,使用不同处理溶液按不同顺序淋洗土壤,造成土壤中Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni等重金属元素迁移性不同,因而对作物生长及重金属元素对作物的有效性产生了明显影响.     

常温铁氧体法处理电解锌厂废水试验研究

用常温铁氧体法对山西某电解锌厂废水进行了处理。经试验研究确定了处理该废水的工艺条件:Fe2+/M2+10,添加剂用量1.4g/L,M3+/M2+1.6,Zn2+/Cu2+33.3(废水初始Zn2+/Cu2+),所得磁性产物的饱和磁化率为45.9emu/g,回收率为85.0%。试验中还发现,金属离子的半径对铁氧体的生成有一定的影响。     

Alkaline leaching of metal melting industry wastes dseparation of zinc and lead in the leach solution

In this work, a thorough examinations on the extractability of zinc and lead present in the steelmaking dusts using alkaline leaching process and the effectiveness of the zinc and lead separation in the resultant leaching solutions using sulfide precipitation method were made. It was found that only about 53% of zinc and over 70% of the lead could be leached out of the dusts, while the other 47% of zinc and 306 of lead were left in the leaching residues. The zinc and lead in the resultant leaching solution can be effectively and selectively separated. When the weight ratio of sodium sulfide (M. W. = 222-240) to Pb was kept at 1.8, the lead in the solution could be precipitated out quantitatively while all the zinc was remained in the solution. The zinc left in the solution can be further recovered by the addition of extra sodium sulfide with a weight ratio of sodium sulfide to the zinc over 2.6. The resultant filtrate can be recycled to the leaching of dust in the next leaching process.     

A nanocomposite of CoFe2O4-carbon microspheres for electrochemical energy storage applications

A carbon/CoFe₂O₄ composite was synthesized by precipitation method. The morphology of the composite was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The electrocapacitive behaviors of the composite has been studies by cycle voltammogram and galvanic charge/discharge. The size of the nanoparticles carbon composite of CoFe₂O₄ was uniform and 209 nm. Due to a high percent of carbon, electrochemical measurements showed electrical double layer mechanism. Specifically, the carbon/cobalt ferrite electrode exhibited high specific capacitance of 102.5 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.16 A g^?1, and high rate capability with 30% retention of capacitance even up to 20 A g^?1, and excellent cycling stability with 81.5% retention of the initial capacitance after 6000 charge/discharge cycles, supporting that the carbon cobalt ferrite composite electrode could be a potential candidate for supercapacitor application.     

Catalytic ozonation treatment of papermaking wastewater by Ag-doped NiFe2O4: Performance and mechanism

The catalytic ozonation treatment of secondary biochemical effluent for papermaking wastewater by Ag-doped nickel ferrite was investigated. Ag-doped catalysts prepared by sol-gel method were characterized, illustrating that Ag entirely entered the crystalline of NiFe₂O₄ and changed the surface properties. The addition of catalyst enhanced the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix suggested that aromatic compounds were efficiently degraded and toxic substances, such as dibutyl phthalate. In addition, the radical scavenging experiments confirmed the hydroxyl radicals acted as the main reactive oxygen species and the surface properties of catalysts played an important role in the reaction. Overall, this work validated potential applications of Ag-doped NiFe₂O₄ catalyzed ozonation process of biologically recalcitrant wastewater.     

压载舱锌阳极失效原因分析及实验室研究

目的 找到压载舱锌阳极失效原因,并提出整改方案。方法 对服役环境进行调研、阳极化学成分检测、电化学性能检测以及阳极表面形貌检测。结果 干湿交替以及高温的环境是造成锌阳极发生钝化的主要原因。在干湿交替环境下,阳极腐蚀表面晶粒松散,晶界宽度大,发生晶间腐蚀和晶粒脱落,造成了阳极失效。结论 通过该项目的实验研究,得出了锌阳极的适用条件,在干湿交替的环境以及高温环境(50 ℃)下,不推荐使用锌阳极,建议使用铝阳极。     

增温和锌复合作用对菠菜富集多环芳烃的影响

目前有关增温和重金属复合作用对植物富集疏水性有机物的影响研究还鲜有报道.本文通过构建土壤-大气-植物密闭微宇宙,分析土壤、大气和植物中多环芳烃（Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）的浓度及土壤中PAHs降解菌基因的拷贝数,进而探究增温（+6℃）和锌胁迫（100~600 mg·kg^-1）及两者复合作用对菠菜富集4种氘代PAHs及其致癌风险的影响.结果表明,增温使菠菜根部中PAHs的浓度降低了1.5%~20.4%,这是由于增温促进了土壤中PAHs的生物降解,进而导致PAHs自由溶解态浓度降低;另外,增温也降低了根部脂肪的含量,从而降低PAHs在根部的富集作用.然而,菠菜根部中PAHs的浓度随土壤中锌浓度的增加而增加,且增加比例为1.2%~91.7%,这主要是因为锌抑制了土壤中PAHs的降解,进而增加了PAHs的自由溶解态浓度;另外,锌胁迫还增加了菠菜根部细胞膜的通透性,进而促进根部吸收PAHs.增温和锌胁迫条件下,菠菜茎叶中PAHs的浓度分别降低了7.3%~51.1%和增加了3.0%~76.9%,与对根部富集PAHs的影响一致,这归因于茎叶中的PAHs主要来源于根部的向顶运输而非大气的茎叶吸收.增温和锌复合作用对菠菜富集PAHs具有拮抗作用,这是因为两者对土壤中PAHs的生物降解具有相反的影响.在无外源PAHs输入下,增温和锌胁迫分别会降低和增加PAHs的总致癌风险.     

湿法炼锌高盐废水的综合回收实验研究

采用“预处理除杂—蒸发—盐分离结晶”技术对锌烟尘处理厂产出的高盐废水进行了探索实验研究.结果表明：采用该技术处理锌冶炼高盐废水,分别得到合格生产用水、无水硫酸钠和氯化钠,高盐废水实现了资源化回收利用.中和后的浓盐水加热到95~100℃进行高温蒸发浓缩,分离得到结晶盐无水硫酸钠,含量为98.79%,达到Ⅱ类优等品质量标准;蒸发得到的冷凝水电导率≤48μS/cm,水质达到生产用水标准.高温蒸发后期,氯化钠富集在少量的残余液中,保持60℃低温蒸发,分离得到结晶盐氯化钠,其中氯化钠含量为93.82%.     

铜、锌对小麦的联合毒性及其预测模型研究

利用溶液培养实验,研究了不同Ca浓度和Cu/Zn配比下,Cu、Zn对小麦的联合毒性;基于毒性单位模型(TU)和生物配体模型(BLM),建立了Cu-Zn对小麦的联合毒性预测模型TUfmix-BLM.结果表明,随着溶液中Ca浓度增加,单一Cu和Zn的毒性均明显减弱.不同Ca浓度、不同Cu/Zn浓度配比下(1∶50、1∶200、1∶800),Cu-Zn联合毒性均表现为加和作用.基于Cu、Zn单一毒性的BLM络合常数,结合TU模型,预测了CuZn对小麦的联合毒性.与单独利用TU模型相比,TUfmix-BLM预测的RMSE从13.06减小到10.01,R2从0.89增加到0.94,表明TUfmix-BLM模型可以很好地预测Cu-Zn的联合毒性.     

Some Preliminary Observations On Zinc and Cadmium Accumulative Capacity in Arum Italicum Mill

Pot and hydroponic trials as well as tests on samples collected in a mining area and in two different urban sites of Tuscany were carried out on Arum italicum Mill (Italian arum) plants. Zinc and cadmium contents were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in different organs of about 180 samples. After 65 days treatment, zinc and cadmium median contents in leaves of plants grown hydroponically in solutions containing both metals at different concentrations fell within the range of 281-2022 and 8.3-45.1 μg g^-1 (dry weight), respectively. Some Italian arum plants were also cultivated in pots in the presence or absence of malate or citrate in order to evaluate the role of these ligands in zinc and cadmium accumulation. Citrate enhanced cadmium uptake compared to malate.