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171.
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通过对几种磁性铁酸盐型吸附剂Mfe2O4(M=Fe,Mn,Cu)的表面特性及去除染料酸性红B(ARB)的吸附性能与催化氧化再生性能的研究,证明该类吸附剂能够有效地吸附去除水中的酸性红B,经磁分离,用H2O2/Fe2+体系可以同时氧化有机物与再生吸附剂,吸附剂可以循环使用.pH值对吸附能力有很大影响,对于MnFe2O4和Fe3O4,发生最大吸附的pH值范围在3.5~3.8,而对于CuFe2O4 pH值则在4.5~4.8时有最大吸附能力.CuFe2O4的吸附容量最大,MnFe2O4次之,FeO4最小;3种吸附剂的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir吸附模型.在发生吸附的pH值范围内,吸附剂吸附染料后其Zeta电位比吸附前均有明显降低.再生实验表明,3种吸附剂再生后,其比表面积明显增大,表面元素组成发生很大变化,其吸附能力也明显提高. 相似文献
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Sebastian Recknagel Hendrik Radant Regina Kohlmeyer 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(1):156-161
The objective of this work was to provide updated information on the development of the potential impact of heavy metal containing batteries on municipal waste and battery recycling processes following transposition of the new EU Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC. A representative sample of 146 different types of commercially available dry and button cells as well as lithium-ion accumulators for mobile phones were analysed for their mercury (Hg)-, cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contents. The methods used for preparing the cells and analysing the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb were either developed during a former study or newly developed. Several batteries contained higher mass fractions of mercury or cadmium than the EU limits. Only half of the batteries with mercury and/or lead fractions above the marking thresholds were labelled. Alkaline–manganese mono-cells and Li-ion accumulators, on average, contained the lowest heavy metal concentrations, while zinc–carbon batteries, on average, contained the highest levels. 相似文献
175.
Ya Ma Yan Cui Xiaoxi Zuo Shanna Huang Keshui Hu Xin Xiao Junmin Nan 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1793-1799
A process for reclaiming the materials in spent alkaline zinc manganese dioxide (Zn–Mn) batteries collected from the manufacturers to prepare valuable electrolytic zinc and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials is presented. After dismantling battery cans, the iron cans, covers, electric rods, organic separator, label, sealing materials, and electrolyte are separated through the washing, magnetic separation, filtrating, and sieving operations. Then, the powder residues react with H2SO4 (2 mol L?1) solution to dissolve zinc under a liquid/solid ratio of 3:1 at room temperature, and subsequently, the electrolytic Zn with purity of ?99.8% is recovered in an electrolytic cell with a cathode efficiency of ?85% under the conditions of 37–40 °C and 300 A m?2. The most of MnO2 and a small quantity of electrolytic MnO2 are recovered from the filtration residue and the electrodeposit on the anode of electrolytic cell, respectively. The recovered manganese oxides are used to synthesize LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material of lithium-ion battery. The as-synthesized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 discharges 118.3 mAh g?1 capacity and 4.7 V voltage plateau, which is comparable to the sample synthesized using commercial electrolytic MnO2. This process can recover the substances in the spent Zn–Mn batteries and innocuously treat the wastewaters, indicating that it is environmentally acceptable and applicable. 相似文献
176.
由于磷矿资源紧张及磷污染引起的水体富营养化,迫切需要回收水体中的磷酸盐.利用铁氧体复合材料吸附回收水中的磷,由于吸附容量较大以及利用外加磁场易于从水中分离而日益得到重视.本研究利用一步共沉淀法直接制备尖晶石型La@MgFe2O4复合材料,将La3+固定在MgFe2O4缺陷位点上,考察La@MgFe2O4的吸磷尤其是低温时的吸磷能力,并采用XRD/FTIR/XPS/VSM等技术对La@MgFe2O4进行表征.结果表明,La3+离子以La(OH)3的形式负载在MgFe2O4晶界缺陷上,La3+的加入改变了MgFe2O4的结晶度和形貌,并大大提高了MgFe2O4的吸磷能力,其饱和磁化强度为14 emu·g-1,在外加磁场条件下可以从水中磁分离.当pH值为6时,温度降为10℃其最大吸附容量与25℃时相比几乎无降低,约为143.156 mg·g-1.动力学研究表明,La@MgFe2O4能在30 min内将低磷(10 mg·L-1)浓度转化为极低磷.吸附机制研究表明,磷通过配体交换形成内球络合物被去除.La@MgFe2O4对磷酸盐具有高度选择吸附性,吸附剂解吸后可多次重复使用.将其应用于中国北方低温市政污水,投加吸附剂的浓度为1 g·L-1,可在1 h内将磷酸盐浓度降低至0.5 mg·L-1以下,表明La@MgFe2O4在寒冷地区也具有良好应用前景. 相似文献
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1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone functionalized silica gel was synthesized and used as a highly efficient, selective and reusable solid phase extractant for separation and preconcentration of trace amount of Zn(II) from environmental matrices. The adsorbent was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis,13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET surface area analysis. The dependence of zinc extraction on various analytical parameters such as pH, type and amount of eluent, sample flow rate and interfering ions were investigated in detail. The material exhibited superior adsorption efficiency for Zn(II) with high metal loading capacity of 1.0 mmol/g under optimum conditions. After adsorption, the recovery (> 98%) of metal ions was accomplished using 1.0 mol/L HNO3 as an eluent. The sorbent was also regenerated by microwave treatment in milder acidic environment (0.1 mol/L HNO3). The lower detection limit and preconcentration factor of the present method were found out to be 0.04 μg/L and 312.5 respectively. The modified silica surface possessed excellent selectivity for the target analytes and the adsorption/desorption process remained effective for at least ten consecutive cycles. The optimized procedure was successfully implemented for the extraction of Zn(II) from mycorrhizal treated fly ash and pharmaceutical samples with reproducible results. 相似文献
180.
锌(Zn)和镉(Cd)的交互作用是近年来小麦Cd污染防治的重要研究方向.以华北地区典型小麦田为研究对象,通过田间试验,探究Zn肥对土壤-小麦系统Cd污染的控制效果和施用风险.结果表明,低用量Zn处理下,济源和开封两地小麦籽粒Cd含量均呈下降趋势,与对照相比下降幅度分别为33.4%和25.3%.高用量Zn处理下,两地小麦籽粒Cd含量不降反升,与低用量Zn处理下小麦籽粒Cd含量相比增幅为22.4%和34.2%.施Zn后两地土壤Zn总量和有效态含量均有显著升高,且造成了土壤Cd的部分活化.典型相关分析(CCA)显示,当土壤ω(Zn)小于200 mg ·kg-1时,土壤Zn是土壤-小麦系统Cd富集的主要影响因子,而当土壤ω(Zn)大于200 mg ·kg-1时,土壤Cd的活化是影响小麦籽粒Cd富集的主要原因.回归分析显示土壤Cd/Zn降至0.0089时(低用量Zn),Zn和Cd表现出拮抗效应,土壤Cd/Zn降至0.0078时(高用量Zn),Zn和Cd表现出协同效应.针对区域Cd污染特征,调整Zn肥用量可以提高污染防治效率并避免加剧Cd污染危害. 相似文献