上海粮田锌和铅的生物地球化学

本文介绍了1990—1991年对上海粮田锌和铅的生物地球化学研究.阐述了锌和铅在上述地区的富集和迁移规律.研究了结累锌和铅的地球化学栅栏以及谷物对锌和铅的吸收与富集.     

用铁泥制备高效无机絮凝剂聚硅酸铁及其絮凝性能研究

研究了以铁泥、硅酸钠为原料，制备高效絮凝剂聚硅酸铁（PSF）的方法，确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。并对絮凝剂PSF处理工业废水的絮凝性能进行了研究，探讨了PSF处理工业废水的反应机理。结果表明，PSF具有良好的絮凝性能，是一种比聚合硫酸铁（PFS）性能更优良的絮凝剂。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中锌消解方法的改进

对火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中的锌消解方法进行了改进,通过器皿的精心清洗、加盖防止尘埃污染以及选择优级纯的消解试剂等措施,降低了空白试验的测定值,从而提高了样品测定的精密度和准确度.     

Study on the response of wheat to lead, cadmium and zinc

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两类典型重金属土壤污染研究

对贵州水城矿务局周围煤矸石污染土壤和Pb、Zn冶炼场污染土壤的重金属污染状况进行了研究和评估。研究结果表明：煤矸石风化形成的土壤有一定的重金属污染，污染程度取决于煤矸石的组成。Pb、Zn土法冶炼造成土地严重污染，在污染土壤中种植的农作物中重金属含量严重超标。重金属在土豆不同部位富集程度各不相同，而且Pb-Cd、PbZn、Zn-Cd在植物体内具有较高的正相性。     

改进铁氧体法去除污泥处理液中重金属的实验研究

利用改进铁氧体法，石灰乳做中和剂，实验研究了不同FeCl3/FeSO4初始浓度、pH值、FeCl，及FeSO4加入量（Fe^3＋／Mn^＋比值）、温度、反应时间等条件下，城市污泥用乙酸-双氧水淋溶处理液中铜、锌、铬、镍、镉、铅去除率。结果表明：在pH为9、反应温度为室温、反应时间为1h、FeCl，和FeSO4初始浓度分别为0．1mol／L和0．05mol／L；Fe^3＋／Mn^＋（Cu，Zn，Ni，Cr，Cd，Pd离子总和）=10的最佳工艺条件下，铜、锌、铬、镍、镉、铅去除率为94％，98％，86％，92％，89％，99％；处理后的液体中铜、锌、铬、镍、镉、铅含量达到安全排放标准。     

Distribution of heavy metals in sediment and water of river Gomti

Gomti river receives industrial as well as domestic wastes from various drains of Lucknow city. In the process the water and sediment of the river Gomti get contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants. In the present study, impacts of domestic/industrial wastes on the water and sediment chemistry of river Gomti with special reference to heavy metals have been investigated in different seasons (summer, winter and rainy). For this, seven sampling sites: Gaughat, Mohan Meakin, Martyrs Memorial, Hanuman Setu, Nishatganj bridge, Pipraghat and Malhaur, in the river Gomti in Lucknow region were identified and samples of water and sediments were collected in all the three seasons. In the collected water and sediment samples, six metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed on ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy) Labtam Plasmalab 8440. High concentrations of all the metals were noticed in water and sediment in rainy season compared to summer and winter. Because in rainy season runoff from open contaminated sites, agricultural field and industries, directly comes into the river without any treatment. In both the cases, the concentration of zinc was maximum (0.091 g/ml in water and 182.13 g/g in sediment) and the concentration of cadmium (0.001 g/ml in water and 17.26 g/g in sediment) was minimum. Higher concentration of metal in water and sediment during rainy season could be due to the industrial/agricultural/domestic runoff coming into the river.     

三叶草和黑麦草修复对炼锌废渣剖面养分及重金属分布特征的影响

为评价两种草本植物修复5年后的土法炼锌废渣剖面上养分及重金属分布特征,以废渣堆场上人工种植的三叶草（Trifolium repens）和黑麦草（Lolium perenne）为研究对象,分析两种草本植物剖面（0~60 cm）上不同粒径废渣中养分和重金属的分布特征.结果表明：随着废渣剖面深度增加,废渣中全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷含量逐渐降低,表层废渣（0~10 cm）中有机质含量大多显著（p<0.05）低于深层废渣（10~60 cm）;而表层废渣（0~20 cm）的有效态氮磷含量大多显著（p<0.05）高于深层废渣（20~60 cm）.有机质和全氮含量随着废渣粒径增大呈先增加后降低的趋势,其含量在粒径为0.25~0.5 mm的废渣中最高,而碱解氮和有效磷含量则随废渣粒径增大逐渐降低.三叶草修复作用下其剖面不同粒径废渣中有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷含量高于黑麦草.As、Cu、Pb、Zn含量随着废渣深度增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,且其在表层废渣（0~20 cm）中的含量高于深层废渣（20~60 cm）.除As外,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量总体表现为随废渣粒径增大而降低.两种植物修复作用下,酸可交换态As、Cd、Cu、Zn占比均随废渣剖面深度增加而增加,酸可交换态Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn占比均随废渣粒径增大而增加.综上,三叶草和黑麦草参与下垂直剖面上不同粒径废渣养分及重金属含量分布特征具有明显的差异.     

Preliminary Evaluation of the Use of Phosphogypsum for Reef Substrate. I. A Laboratory Study of Bioaccumulation of Radium and Six Heavy Metals in an Aquatic Food Chain

Phosphogypsum (PG), a solid by-product of phosphoric acid production, contains radionuclides and trace metals in concentrations which may pose a potential hazard to human health and the environment. to investigate the possibility of bioaccumulation of radium and six heavy metals over time when aquatic organisms experience both trophic and environmental exposure to PG, we designed a laboratory experiment representing three levels of an aquatic food chain. During the 135 day experiment, a meiobenthic copepod species (Amphiascoides atopus) was cultured in the presence of PG. the copepods were subsequently fed to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes vulgaris and P. pugio) which were in turn fed to gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis); both the grass shrimp and the killifish also experienced an environmental PG exposure. Other than elevated radium levels in the experimental grass shrimp, the experiment demonstrated little effect of environmental or trophic exposure to PG on microinvertebrates, macroinvertebrates, or fishes that could be attributed to PG. in all cases where increased concentrations were indicated within the experimental group, roughly equivalent increases in metal concentrations also occurred in the control group.     

从银铅锌废渣中回收硝酸银的研究

介绍了用灼烧、浸取、沉淀、溶转和离子交换等方法,从银铅锌废渣中直接回收硝酸银,收率可达80.12%,AgNO3纯度为99.9%。考察了试料粒度、FeCl3质量浓度、溶液酸度、固液比,反应温度及浸取时间对银浸出率的影响。