Heavy metal （Pb,Zn） uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four wetland plants with different radial oxygen loss

Lead and Zn uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four emergent-rooted wetland plants; Aneilema bracteatum, Cyperus alternifolius, Ludwigia hyssopifolia and Veronica serpyllifolia were investigated by two experiments: (1) rhizobag filled with “clean” or metal-contaminated soil for analysis of Pb and Zn in plants and rhizosphere soils; and (2) applied deoxygenated solution for analyzing their rates of radial oxygen loss (ROL). The results showed that the wetland plants with di erent ROL rates had significant e ects on the mobility and chemical forms of Pb and Zn in rhizosphere under flooded conditions. These e ects were varied with di erent metal elements and metal concentrations in the soils. Lead mobility in rhizosphere of the four plants both in the “clean” and contaminated soils was decreased, while Zn mobility was increased in the rhizosphere of the “clean” soil, but decreased in the contaminated soil. Among the four plants, V. serpyllifolia, with the highest ROL, formed the highest degree of Fe plaque on the root surface, immobilized more Zn in Fe plaque, and has the highest e ects on the changes of Zn form (EXC-Zn) in rhizosphere under both “clean” and contaminated soil conditions. These results suggested that ROL of wetland plants could play an important role in Fe plaque formation and mobility and chemical changes of metals in rhizosphere soil under flood conditions.     

镧掺杂氧化锌光催化降解染料废水研究

以醋酸锌和硝酸镧为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用高分子网络凝胶法制备得到掺镧的Zn O纳米粉体。用制备的粉体对甲基橙进行光催化降解实验,考察了掺镧量对其光催化性能的影响。用X射线衍射仪、高分辨率透射电镜、X射线能谱仪、比表面积与孔隙率分析仪等对其进行表征。结果表明,镧的掺入提高了Zn O的光催化活性,镧锌摩尔质量比为0.2%时光催化性能最好,高压汞灯下反应1 h,甲基橙的脱色率为96.5%,相比于未掺杂的Zn O提高了11.5%。     

铁酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂的活性评价及表征

在自制的固定床反应器上研究了铁酸锌脱硫剂的硫化和再生性能。通过BET及XRD等测试手段,对试样进行了物性表征。结果表明：铁酸锌脱硫剂具有稳定、良好的硫化和再生性能,是适合工业化使用的一种高温煤气脱硫剂。     

导数光谱法同时测定人发中微量铜和锌

研究了以５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ作显色剂,利用三阶导数光谱法,在碱性介质中同时测定铜和锌。该法测定铜,锌的表观三阶导数摩尔吸光系数分别为１．０×１０＾５一３．０×１０＾５,同时解决也谱带相互重叠干扰问题,对人发中铜和锌进行测定,得到了满意结果。     

彩色显象管发光粉生产废水处理工艺研究

为了消除彩色显象管发光粉生产废水中重金属对环境的污染和实现资源回用,用Ｐ２０４－煤油－硫酸体系分离回收废水中的锌。研究结果表明,以皂化Ｐ２０４为萃取剂,经三级逆流Ｚｎ＾２的率可达９９％,共存的Ｎｉ＾２＋几乎不被萃取,Ｃｕ＾２＋的萃取率小于７％;用硫酸溶液对负锌萃取剂进行了二级逆流反萃取,反萃取率达９６％以上,反萃浓缩液可返回生产过程作用。     

Solubility and Potential Mobility of Heavy Metals in Two Contaminated Urban Soils from Stockholm,Sweden

The solubility and potential mobility of heavy metals (Cd, Cu,Hg, Pb and Zn) in two urban soils were studied by sequential andleaching extractions (rainwater). Compared to rural (arable) soils on similar parent material, the urban soils were highlycontaminated with Hg and Pb and to a lesser extent also with Cd,Cu and Zn. Metal concentrations in rainwater leachates were related to sequential extractions and metal levels reported fromStockholm groundwater. Cadmium and Zn in the soils were mainly recovered in easily extractable fractions, whereas Cu and Pb were complex bound. Concentrations of Pb in the residual fractionwere between two- and eightfold those in arable soils, indicatingthat the sequential extraction scheme did not reflect the solidphases affected by anthropogenic inputs. Cadmium and Zn conc. inthe rainwater leachates were within the range detected in Stockholm groundwater, while Cu and Pb conc. were higher, whichsuggests that Cu and Pb released from the surface soil were immobilised in deeper soil layers. In a soil highly contaminatedwith Hg, the Hg conc. in the leachate was above the median concentration, but still 50 times lower than the max concentration found in groundwater, indicating the possibilityof other sources. In conclusion, it proved difficult to quantitatively predict the mobility of metals in soils by sequential extractions.     

Zinc recovery from hazardous construction wastes via an integrated process of the air classification,alkaline leaching,and water washing

Zinc- and lead-containing wastes are often mixed with construction and demolition wastes in many factories, generating abundant of heavy metal-enriched hazardous waste. In the present study, a novel integrated process of air classification, alkaline leaching, and water washing dechlorination was proposed for the efficient recycling of Zinc (Zn) resources. The first air classification process was realized via venturi tube, wherein the content of Zn could increase by 20 wt.%. After that, the product underwent an alkaline leaching process. Results showed that Zn recovery rate increased with fine particle sizes, and a 65% recovery rate was obtained under the following conditions of 5 mol/L NaOH, liquid/solid 10:1, and leaching time 1 h. Finally, water washing associated with microwave and ultrasonic treatments could remove over 85% of Cl and other water-soluble salts. All the results indicated that the integrated method had an excellent recovery rate for Zn resources from construction and demolition wastes.     

农田灰钙土中有机质和碳酸钙对Zn吸附-解吸行为的影响

采用序批平衡法,研究了Zn在去除有机质及去除碳酸钙前后灰钙土的吸附-解吸行为.结果表明,在试验土壤中吸附量均随着加入Zn浓度的增加而增加,且去碳酸钙土对Zn吸附固定能力明显低于灰钙土,即有机质对灰钙土Zn的吸附影响小于碳酸钙;去有机质及去碳酸钙前后灰钙土对Zn的吸附过程不适合用 Langmuir方程描述,而 Freundlich方程能够很好地拟合,调整后的决定系数R2￠均大于0.90,达到极显著水平(P<0.01);去除有机质和碳酸钙后灰钙土对Zn的解吸率都升高,且灰钙土去碳酸钙后解吸率略高于去有机质;去除有机质及碳酸钙前后灰钙土的解吸量均随吸附量的升高而升高,且去碳酸钙土解吸量最大,去有机质土次之,灰钙土最小;土壤有机质和碳酸钙对Zn均有较强的络合吸附效应,能有效降低Zn的迁移活性,从而促进吸附,抑制解吸.     

土壤溶液性质对Zn的形态变化及其微生物毒性的影响

采集了我国具有代表性的12种不同性质土壤,利用基础诱导硝化(SIN)方法测定了不同土壤中锌的微生物毒性阈值,同时利用850离子色谱仪与WHAM6.0模型,测定了溶液不同阴离子组成及自由Zn2+含量,建立了基于不同土壤性质与溶液离子的土壤中Zn毒性预测模型.结果表明,基于SIN测定的不同土壤Zn微生物毒性阈值在不同土壤间有显著差异,其中EC50从196mg/kg至1310mg/kg;EC10值从48mg/kg增加至682mg/kg,不同土壤EC50与EC10的最大值与最小值的比例分别达到了6.68及14.3倍,表明土壤性质对Zn的微生物毒性有非常显著的影响;基于SIN的Zn的毒性阈值ECx(x=10,50)与溶液自由Zn2+浓度的负对数p(Zn2+)间呈正相关关系,表明随着土壤溶液中自由Zn2+值的升高,Zn的毒性逐渐增加.土壤pH值、OC、CEC、F-、Cl-、Ca2+及Mg2+与Zn的毒性阈值ECx(x=10,50)及p(Zn2+)呈正相关关系,其中土壤pH值为最重要的影响因子,偏相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),其次为OC、CEC及F-,ECx与溶液中NO3-, SO42-呈负相关关系.基于不同主控因子的土壤中Zn毒性阈值(ECx)及P(Zn2+)的预测模型表明,pH值、OC、CEC、F- 四个变量因子分别解释了log(EC50)、log(EC10)及p(Zn2+)预测模型变异的89.9%、81.2%和92.3%.     

超声场中活性炭上Zn2+的吸附/脱附

采用静态条件,考察了超声波对活性炭上Zn2+吸附/脱附性能的影响.结果表明,有/无超声作用下,活性炭对Zn2+的吸附率均随Zn2+初始浓度的增加而减少,该吸附过程属于优惠吸附, Langmuir模型能更好描述该过程,超声的引入对活性炭吸附Zn2+有一定抑制作用.脱附研究发现,在蒸馏水介质中,Zn2+脱附率仅为2.11%,加入超声后Zn2+的脱附率提高至20.8%,添加NaOH后脱附率明显增加,有/无超声作用下的脱附率分别为40.1%和33.1%.动力学分析表明,Zn2+在活性炭上的吸附/脱附均符合2级反应动力学.