Stability analysis of alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater by a catalyzed Fe-Cu treatment process

Iron and copper bimetallic system (catalyzed Fe-Cu process) is a promising technology for alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater treatment. However, little is currently known about the changes of treatment efficiency with time going. This research investigated the long-term performance of the catalyzed Fe-Cu process to reduce nitrobenzene (NB) in alkaline wastewater. In addition, the changes of the metal surfaces morphologies and matters before and after the reaction were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The results showed that the surface properties of copper almost remained unchanged after weeks of operation, which spelled its strong chemical stability and resistance to poisoning. Moreover, the results indicated that there were two reasons for the treatment efficiency decreasing with time. One was the gradual iron element consumption due to corrosion. The other was iron reactivity weakened due to the precipitates accumulation on the surfaces that were mainly Fe₃O₄ and FeCO. __________ Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2006, 28(10): 783–785 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

X射线晶体学对造岩矿物研究的应用

本文主要叙述XRD（X射线衍射）及单晶X射线回摆图在选岩矿物研究中的应用，不涉及X射线晶体结构分析。     

短波长X射线衍射技术及在环境工程中的应用展望

介绍了短波长特征X射线衍射无损检测分析原理和方法,无损地测定了预拉伸铝板、高强钢孔挤压件、铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接件等材料部件的内部残余应力、内部物相、内部织构及其分布,并分析讨论了测试结果。该仪器具有体积小,投资少、使用维护方便等优势,展望了该无损检测分析技术在装备环境工程中的应用前景。     

扎当冰川雪坑中不同粒径微粒元素和矿物组成特征

为了研究雪冰中不溶性微粒的矿物和元素组成及其来源,2009年5月和7月在念青唐古拉山扎当冰川垭口采集了2个雪坑样品,采用质子激发X荧光分析（PIXE）和X射线衍射定量分析方法（XRD）测定了不同季节粗细微粒（d〉10μm和0.22μm     

饱和土半空间中地下圆形衬砌洞室对平面SV波的散射

在Biot饱和多孔介质动力学理论的基础上,利用Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,通过对含有衬砌洞室的局部场地进行波场分析,得到饱和土半空间中圆柱形衬砌洞室对平面SV波的散射问题的解析解。经验证,本文得到的解可以退化为半空间单相介质的情况。通过与已有的单相弹性介质半空间中圆柱形衬砌洞室对平面SV波散射问题的解析解的对比,验证了此解的正确性。在解析解的基础上,数值计算给出洞口动应力集中放大系数,分析了入射频率和孔洞埋深对柱面上的应力集中因子的影响。     

一种室外声屏障过渡区域绕射衰减测量方法

提出了一种声屏障声影区与声亮区过渡区域的绕射衰减室外测量方法。方法采用5ms的正弦波作为测试信号,利用声波到达时间的差异有效地排除地面反射和有限长声屏障两侧绕射的影响,并通过背景噪声频谱分析选取测试声以及对接受信号FIR滤波以最大限度降低背景噪声的影响,同时考虑了气象条件变化导致的大气衰减修正。为进一步验证方法有效性,选取直立声屏障作为试验案例。结果表明,与室内全消声室试验结果、几何绕射理论结果接近,试验精度高。     

Sorption of tylosin on clay minerals

The equilibrium sorption of tylosin (TYL) on kaolinite and montmorillonite was measured at different solution pH using batch reactor systems. The results showed that all the sorption isotherms were nonlinear and that the nonlinearity decreased as the solution pH increased for a given clay. At a specific aqueous concentration, the single-point sorption distribution coefficient (K_D) of TYL decreased rapidly as the solution pH increased. A speciation-dependent sorption model that accounted for the contributions of the cationic and neutral forms of TYL fit the data well, suggesting that the sorption may be dominated by both ion exchange and hydrophobic interactions. The isotherm data also fit well to a dual mode model that quantifies the contributions of a site-limiting Langmuir component (ion exchange) and a non-specific linear partitioning component (hydrophobic interactions). X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the interlayers of montmorillonite were expanded due to the uptake of TYL. TYL molecules likely form a monolayer surface coverage.     

室内空气中污染物的检测技术

室内环境空气污染对人体健康影响很大,文中指出了影响人体健康的致病因子,分析了单个微粒的光通量和粒径之间的关系。鉴于单下颗粒的散射光信号很弱,本文提出一种方法,把激光器的内腔作为颗粒注入区,利用激光器的内腔功率谱密度远大于腔外功率密度的特点,结合先进的激光散控制理论,对空气中的颗粒进行检测。     

广西涠洲岛沉凝灰岩土壤粘粒矿物的研究

用X射线衍射分析和电子显微镜分析,对涠洲岛沉凝灰岩母质发育土壤的两个典型剖面八个土样的粘粒矿物进行分析研究。结果表明,离火山口距离不同的两个剖面土壤粘粒矿物组成不同,1号剖面以2:1型粘粒矿物为主,2号剖面则以1:1型粘粒矿物为主;结合其它分析结果,讨论了两个剖面土壤粘粒矿物组成不同的原因、对土壤有关特性的影响及其与土壤形成和分类的关系。     

北京市秋冬大气污染传输特征遥感研究

综合地基遥感、卫星遥感与地面监测数据对北京市2016年10月—2017年3月的污染来源及传输特征进行分析,并结合气象数据对污染形成的气象条件进行研究.结果表明,冬季重污染发生频率最高,2016年12月和2017年1月发生频率均超过30%.平缓型污染以本地来源为主,单峰型和多峰型污染由本地污染与区域传输共同导致.平缓型和单峰型本地污染集中在北京中南部,多峰型扩散至全市.区域传输方向均以西南为主,单峰型和多峰型存在东南传输.单峰型以1次传输为主,多峰型均为多次传输.传输层的高度差异较大,但均在0.3～0.5 km高度存在低空传输层,并且存在高于1.0 km的高空传输.平缓型、单峰型和多峰型污染的垂直延伸高度分别为0.5、0.7和1.0 km.研究污染发生时的气象条件,发现污染发生时风向均以西南风为主,发生频率高于60%,其次为东南风.相对湿度和消光系数随污染等级提升逐渐升高,当相对湿度高于70%时,多峰型污染消光系数高于2.0 km~(-1)的频率达到63.33%.3种类型污染发生时的逆温频率均高于75%,高强度的贴地逆温是造成本地污染的成因之一.