河北平原潮土中微生物对氮降解特征

了解土壤中微生物对氮素降解规律,对于土壤氮污染修复具有重要现实意义.从河北平原潮土中筛选出8种高效氨化细菌、硝化细菌、异养硝化好氧反硝化细菌,对所筛菌种进行16S r DNA分析,选出最适菌株通过固定化载体将菌种制成菌剂.探讨了用加入所筛菌种及拮抗菌的菌液和地表水分别滴灌小白菜对土壤中的氮降解产生的影响,并测定土样磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)的值.结果表明:以硅藻土为载体硝化细菌的氨氮降解率达到38%,硝态氮合成率为205%;以硅藻土为载体的氨化细菌氨氮合成率为1 711%,异养硝化好氧反硝化细菌的硝态氮降解率达到367%.加所筛菌液滴灌对土壤总氮和氨氮的降解效果较好,硝化作用也较强,加菌后土壤中微生物量明显增加,且更快到达峰值.对不同土样不同时间磷脂脂肪酸数据分析发现,在白菜生长过程中,土壤中的微生物含量均产生了1次峰值,且加入所筛菌的先到达峰值.对于任丘和阜城土样来说,加入所筛菌后,土壤中微生物种类相应增多,对土壤微生物环境有所改善,微生物也比较活跃.     

《环境科学》多项引证指标名列前茅

2012年12月7日,中国科学技术信息研究所在中国科技论文统计结果发布会上公布了2011年度中国科技论文统计结果.统计结果显示2011年度《环境科学》多项引证指标位居环境科学技术、安全     

如何解决大气环境影响预测存在的问题

目前大气环境影响预测存在所需基础数据不真实、预测方法未严格执行导则规范、人为忽略环境影响超标区域等问题。因此,需要通过优化技术复核、开发研究环境预测方法、开展对地方评估中心的技术复核培训和反馈来进一步提高大气环境影响评价的水平。《环境影响评价法》颁布十多年以来,环境影响评价制度在协调我国经济发展与环境保护方面发挥了巨大作用。由于环境影响预测的结论将直     

突出危险废物源头监管需从环评入手

随着我国工业化进程的不断加快,危险废物的污染影响和潜在环境风险也逐渐暴露出来,因危险废物处置不当造成的严重环境突发事件诸如云南曲靖铬渣事件、安徽危险化工废料倾倒污染事件等,已经引起媒体和公众的高度关注,成为社会热点问题。利用环评制度正确处理好涉及危险废物建设项目的环境准入问题,对于加强危险废物环境监管,具有较强的可操作性,也是从源头控制和减少产生、降低环境风险的必由之路。2012年,环境保护部、国家发展     

2株降解菲的植物内生细菌筛选及其降解特性

为了获得具有菲降解特性的植物内生细菌,通过选择性富集培养,本研究从多环芳烃污染区植物体内分离得到2株能够降解液体培养基中高浓度菲(200 mg·L-1)的植物内生细菌(菌株P1和P3).经形态观察、生理生化特征鉴定和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,分别将菌株P1和P3鉴定为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas sp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)的细菌.菌株P1和P3均为好氧生长,28℃、150 r·min-1摇床培养7 d,2株菌对无机盐培养基中菲(100 mg·L-1)的降解率均高于90%.条件实验表明,温度20～30℃,pH 6.0～8.0,盐含量0%～4%,装液量10～30 mL(100 mL三角瓶)2菌株生长良好且对菲降解率高于70%.其最适生长和降解温度为30℃,pH为7.0,盐含量≤4%,装液量≤30 mL.综合比较2株菌对菲的降解特性,P1菌株高温耐受性稍强,而P3菌株对环境pH改变和缺氧的耐受性稍强.     

A pilot-scale study of cryolite precipitation from high fluoride-containing wastewater in a reaction-separation integrated reactor

Fluoride removal by traditional precipitation generates huge amounts of a water-rich sludge with low quality, which has no commercial or industrial value. The present study evaluated the feasibility of recovering fluoride as low water content cryolite from industrial fluoride-containing wastewater. A novel pilot-scale reaction-separation integrated reactor was designed. The results showed that the seed retention time in the reactor was prolonged to strengthen the induced crystallization process. The particle size of cryolite increased with increasing seed retention time, which decreased the water content. The recovery rate of cryolite was above 75% under an influent fluoride concentration of 3500 mg/L, a reaction temperature of 50℃, and an influent flow of 40 L/hr. The cryolite products that precipitated from the reactor were small in volume, large in particle size, low in water content, high in crystal purity, and recyclable.     

Biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D isolated from activated sludge

Bacterial strain Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. The ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was investigated under denitrifying conditions. Under optimal conditions of temperature (35℃) and initial pH 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/L was degraded within 176 hr. The degradation of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D could be well described by the Haldane model (R² > 0.91). During the degradation period of 2-methylquinoline (initial concentration 100 mg/L), nitrate was almost completely consumed (the removal efficiency was 98.5%), while nitrite remained at low concentration (< 0.62 mg/L) during the whole denitrification period. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, 4-ethyl-benzenamine, N-butyl-benzenamine, N-ethyl-benzenamine and 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine were metabolites produced during the degradation. The degradation pathway of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was proposed. 2-Methylquinoline is initially hydroxylated at C-4 to form 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline, and then forms 2-methyl-4-quinolinol as a result of tautomerism. Hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring at positions 2 and 3 produces 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-quinolinol. The carbon-carbon bond at position 2 and 3 in the heterocyclic ring may cleave and form 2-ethyl-N-ethyl-benzenamine. Tautomerism may result in the formation of 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine and N-butyl-benzenamine. 4-Ethyl-benzenamine and N-ethyl-benzenamine were produced as a result of losing one ethyl group from the above molecules.     

贯彻落实“大气十条”的环境监测技术需求

2013年9月,国务院发布《大气污染防治行动计划》（以下简称《大气十条》）,捆响了向PM2.5污染宣战的“发令枪”,掀起了以防治大气污染为目标的全社会行动。《大气十条》提出,经过五年努力,使全国空气质量总体改善,重污染天气较大幅度减少;京津冀、长三角、珠三角等区域空气质量明显好转。《大气十条》把解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的PM2.5污染问题作为根本出发点和落脚点,切实维护人民群众身体健康和环境权益。     

植穴控制体对盐渍土生态重建的可持续性评价

基于盐渍土生态重建过程影响因子的复杂性,采用综合指标评价方法,选取4类母指标和相应的13项子指标对植穴控制体生态重建技术进行可持续评价。4类母指标分别为土壤养分与结构改良程度、生产力持续水平、组分间关系协调性和生态、社会效益,对应的13项子指标分别为:土壤水分、土壤含盐量、土壤养分含量、土壤容重和水质;土地利用效果、土地生产力水平与稳定度、绿地结构与环境功能;生态重建年限、生物群落变化和生态景观效果;小气候效益和游憩的功能效益。经权重分析认为,植穴控制体生态重建技术评价分值为0.772,评价等级为Ⅳ级,表明植穴控制体模式的盐渍土生态重建技术具有较好的稳定性和可持续的功能效应。     

苯酚降解红球菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法,从唐山污水处理厂附近的植物根际土中分离得到1株高效苯酚降解菌11-111。该菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,可以在以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源的无机盐培养基上生长,能够耐受最高浓度为2 000 mg/L的苯酚。对该菌株的降解性能研究表明,在温度24~32℃,pH值6.5~8.5,装液量≤20 mL(100 mL摇瓶)范围内,摇床转速为160 r/min,菌株对初始浓度500~1 500 mg/L的苯酚均能有效降解。根据该菌株的形态、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析结果,鉴定为红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)菌株。该菌株具有较强的环境适应能力和苯酚降解能力,有较高的研究价值及应用前景。