福建与台湾地震台网测定震级偏差浅析

选用福建地震台网"十五"观测系统正式运行以来记录的台湾地区M L≥3.0地震资料,计算了福建与台湾地震台网测定震级平均偏差、相关系数及拟合方程,并分析了震级差异形成原因。结果表明,福建地震台网测定台湾及其邻近海域的震级偏低,3.0≤M L<4.5,偏差量为0.80,M L≥4.5,偏差量为0.46;量规函数偏小是造成震级偏低的主要原因。     

台岛南北一日生活圈的形成

据台湾《中国时报》报道,铁路交通建设与新式交通工具的引进,开启了台湾现代化之路。从1 908年西部纵贯铁路全线通车、1912年第一部汽车来台、2007年台湾高铁通车,把台湾南北的距离缩短了,也让台湾民众经历了前所未有的"速度革命"。铁路在台湾的发展非常早,清代刘铭传时期修建基隆至新竹的铁路;日治时期1899年开始兴建西部纵贯铁路,     

台湾“矿场保安费”与矿场安全

台湾矿业开发与监督管理最主要的法令依据——《矿业法》及其施行细则,从1930年公布施行迄今,已做了15次的修正。最近一次为2003年12月31日修正公布,这次修正,其内容有许多重大变革。其中与矿场安全相关者,如废止第82条“矿场保安费提存”之规定(回归到矿场安全法之规定)。“矿场保安费提存”之规定,整整施行了44年,与台湾矿业开发整个演变过程,息息相关,相伴相随,是台湾矿业开发的安全保障。     

台湾环境恶化令人担忧

1 小岛不堪重负台湾地区人口密度居世界第二,每平方公里587人.在联合国的资料中,人口增加2%环境品质就会降低1%.23年来台湾人口增加了600万,增加率高达40%.台湾汽车密度是世界第一,1988年起台湾汽车每年增加超过100万辆.台湾养猪密度居世界第三,共1000万头.据估计,一头猪的排污量约是人的4～6倍.台湾的工厂密度为每平方公里2.66家,在世界上名列前茅,由工厂产生的空气污染、废水和废弃物成为台湾污染的一大来源.2 水源危机日甚人口增加和工商业的发展使台湾年用水量在40多年内增长了近一倍,使这个先天缺水的地区缺水更加严重.地面水不足,地下水成为取水源.台湾地下水每年天然补注量仅40亿m~3,但自1983年起台湾地下水超抽量年年上升,至1991年抽取量已近补注量的两倍,使台湾沿海各地地层严重下陷.据台湾省“水利局”最新调查报告,台湾地层下陷面积已超过总平地面积的11%.下陷最严重地区的累积下陷量已达2.88m.地下水抽取中85%属违法,而且每年违     

台湾的环境影响评估法

介绍了台湾环境影响评估法及其制度的主要内容、评估程序和评估书的编制要求。     

台湾经济发展中的环境问题

台湾经济发展中的环境问题ＴｈｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＩｓｓｕｅＷｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎＴａｉｗａｎ欧寿铭编者按台湾在经济高速发展中未能使民众生活环境质量同步提高，甚至出现了一些重大的环境问题。本文作者分析了造成...     

Emissions of C2 – C12 hydrocarbons in the Hsuehshan tunnel, Taiwan

The concentrations of 56 hydrocarbons from C2 to C12 were measured simultaneously in the southbound bore, the northbound bore and the exhaust air shafts of the Hsuehshan tunnel near Yilan, Taiwan for 12 days during 2007 and 2008. A total of 60 integrated air samples were collected using stainless steel canisters and analyzed using GC/FID and GC/MS. The five most abundant species in all samples were ethylene, acetylene, isopentane, propylene and toluene. The exit/entrance ratios of total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) concentration were 7.8 and 4.8 for the southbound and northbound bores, respectively. Furthermore, the exhaust from the vertical shafts affects air quality in the neighborhood. The most abundant species of emission rate (ER) was toluene (21.93–42.89 mg/sec), followed by isopentane, ethylene, propylene and 1-butene, with ER ranging from 2.50 to 9.31 mg/sec. The species in the three exhaust air shafts showed that the reactivities of these emissions are similar to those of vehicle emissions. Notably, the control of emissions in the vertical shafts of the vehicle tunnel will be important in the future.     

Applying model simulation and photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone sensitivity in southern Taiwan

Ozone sensitivity was investigated using CAMx simulations and photochemical indicator ratios at three sites (Pingtung City, Chao- Chou Town, and Kenting Town) in Pingtung County in southern Taiwan during 2003 and 2004. The CAMx simulations compared fairly well with the hourly concentrations of ozone. Simulation results also showed that Pingtung City was mainly a volatile organic compounds (VOC)-sensitive regime, while Chao-Chou Town was either a VOC-sensitive or a NOx-sensitive regime, depending on the seasons. Measurements of three photochemical indicators (H2O2, HNO3, and NOy) were conducted, and simulated three transition ranges of H2O2/HNO3 (0.5–0.8), O3/HNO3 (10.3–16.2) and O3/NOy (5.7–10.8) were adopted to assess the ozone sensitive regime at the three sites. The results indicated that the three transition ranges yield consistent results with CAMx simulations at most times at Pingtung City. However, both VOC-sensitive and NOx-sensitive regimes were important at the rural site Chao-Chou Town. Kenting Town, a touring site at the southern end of Taiwan, was predominated by a NOx-sensitive regime in four seasons.     

台湾集集7.6级强震前粤东地区的重力中短期异常

基于广东东部地区流动重力观测资料,分析了1999年台湾集集7.6级地震前后重力场的时空动态演化过程,发现1996年起出现的群体性重力测值偏离长趋势的变化,可视为7.6级地震前中期异常的开始,而1998年中出现的反向变化则是中期异常向短期异常的转折。作为强震前的远场重力异常,其时间、空间变化表现出的不一致和非均匀性变化形态,可能主要与测区内不同断层在区域应力场和震源应力场共同作用下产生的局部形变不同有关。