内流式循环脱氨塔装置处理高氨氮废水中回收硫酸铵产品的研究

介绍了新型高效内流式循环脱氨塔装置在高氨氮废水处理的工艺流程及运行中注意要点。通过实际运行证明:内流式循环脱氨塔装置能够有效处理高氨氮污水的设计要求,进水氨氮在3000mg/L时,经过处理后出口氨氮可达到100mg/L以下,硫酸铵回收浓度可控制在20%~25%左右,完全可以回收使用。     

生物滴滤塔净化氯代烃混合废气的研究

应用生物滴滤塔进行了二氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷混合废气净化的研究,使用制药厂活性污泥挂膜,35 d后挂膜完成,对二者的去除率可分别维持在80%和75%以上.对二氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷的最大去除负荷分别为13 g·(m3·h)-1和10g·(m3·h)-1.CO2的产生负荷与混合废气的去除负荷呈线性关系,生物滴滤塔对混合废气的矿化率维持在61.2%.对混合废气中二氯甲烷和二氯乙烷相互作用考察发现两者存在一定的抑制作用,同时考察了反应器运行过程中生物量的变化情况.     

填料塔中DBU溶液对CO2脱除率的实验研究

温室效应日益受到各国政府和科学家的关注,如何实现CO2捕集成为温室气体减排的关键.本文通过搭建吸收CO2的填料塔,研究1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)溶液浓度、DBU溶液流量、气体流量、液气比、入口CO2浓度、气体温度和填料层高度对CO2脱除率的影响.结果发现CO2脱除率随DBU溶液浓度、DBU溶液流量和液气比的增大而增大;随气体流量和入口CO2浓度的增加而下降;气体温度在30~40℃时,CO2脱除率达到最高;填料层高度对CO2脱除率也有一定影响,随着填料层高度的增加,CO2脱除率只有小幅增大,因此实际应用中要综合考虑脱除率和经济性,选择合适的填料高度.     

Nitric oxide removal by wastewater bacteria in a biotrickling filter

Nitric oxide(NO) is one of the most important air pollutants in atmosphere mainly emitted from combustion source. A biotrickling filter was designed and operated to remove NO from an air stream using bacteria extracted from the sewage sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant. To obtain the best operation conditions for the biotrickling filter, orthogonal experiments(L9(34)) were designed. Inlet oxygen concentration was found to be the most significant factor of the biotrickling filter and has a significant negative effect on the system. The optimal conditions of the biotrickling filter occurred at a temperature of 40℃, a pH of 8.0 and a chemical oxygen demand of 165 mg/L in the recycled water with no oxygen in the system. The bacteria sample was detected by DNA sequencing technology and showed 93%–98% similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina. Moreover, a full gene sequencing results indicated the bacterium was a brand new strain and named as P. mendocina DLHK. This strain can transfer nitrate to organic nitrogen. The result suggested the assimilation nitrogen process in this system. Through the isotope experimental analysis, two intermediate products(15NO and 15N2O) were found. The results indicated the denitrification function and capability of the biotrickling filter in removing NO.     

Degradation of dichloromethane by an isolated strain Pandoraea pnomenusa and its performance in a biotrickling filter

A strain Pandoraea pnomenusa LX-1 that uses dichloromethane(DCM) as sole carbon and energy source has been isolated and identified in our laboratory. The optimum aerobic biodegradation of DCM in batch culture was evaluated by response surface methodology. Maximum biodegradation(5.35 mg/(L·hr)) was achieved under cultivation at 32.8°C, pH 7.3, and 0.66% NaCl. The growth and biodegradation processes were well fitted by Haldane's kinetic model, yielding maximum specific growth and degradation rates of 0.133 hr-1and 0.856 hr-1, respectively. The microorganism efficiently degraded a mixture of DCM and coexisting components(benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene). The carbon recovery(52.80%–94.59%) indicated that the targets were predominantly mineralized and incorporated into cell materials. Electron acceptors increased the DCM biodegradation rate in the following order: mixed oxygen iron sulfate nitrate. The highest dechlorination rate was 0.365 mg Cl-/(hr·mg biomass), obtained in the presence of mixed electron acceptors. Removal was achieved in a continuous biotrickling filter at 56%–85% efficiency, with a mineralization rate of 75.2%. Molecular biology techniques revealed the predominant strain as P. pnomenusa LX-1. These results clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of strain LX-1 in treating DCM-containing industrial effluents. As such, the strain is a strong candidate for remediation of DCM coexisting with other organic compounds.     

生物滴滤工艺处理造纸污水站臭气的工程应用研究

采用生物滴滤塔(BTF),对造纸污水处理站臭气进行处理,结果表明,在气体空床停留时间(EBRT)为14 s,循环液p H2的条件下,治理后排放的硫化氢平均浓度从初始的115.3 mg/m3降至8.3 mg/m3,甲硫醚平均浓度从初始的89.5 mg/m3降至14.5 mg/m3,平均去除效率分别达到92.8%和83.8%。系统具有较强的抗高浓度硫化氢冲击能力。     

卤虫对塔玛亚历山大藻生长及产毒的影响

为了了解卤虫(Artemia salina)对产麻痹性贝类毒素的塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)生长与产毒的影响,本文采用卤虫与有毒藻共培养的方法,研究卤虫对不同起始数量的亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响。结果表明,当培养液中存在卤虫时,塔玛亚历山大藻的生长受到抑制,对数期缩短,最大藻细胞数量降低且与卤虫数量呈线性负相关,衰亡期细胞数量快速减少。在对数生长初期、中期,卤虫的存在对该藻单位细胞毒素含量影响不明显,但对数末期,可显著增加藻细胞毒素含量。     

喷雾填料塔DBU溶液吸收CO_2研究

文章通过搭建一个模拟工业吸收CO2的喷雾填料塔,探究1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)吸收液浓度、液气比、气体温度、入口CO2浓度对CO2吸收的影响。研究发现,DBU浓度从1%增加到25%,CO2脱除率(η)从18.24%增加到96.6%,增幅明显;随着液气比的增加(从7L/m3增加到57L/m3),η从31.29%增大到90.14%;气体温度在25~40℃时,η从90.14%增加到95.71%,在40~60℃时,从95.71%下降到84.55%;入口CO2浓度从4.5%增加到15%,η从93%下降到50%。DBU吸收液浓度和入口CO2浓度升高,CO2吸收能力逐渐增大;液气比增加,CO2吸收能力先增后减;气体温度升高,CO2吸收能力逐渐减小。     

600 MW燃煤机组多变截面SCR脱硝系统流场及喷氨优化

流场均匀性对脱硝效率有重要影响,喷氨格栅(AIG)上游和催化剂入口标准速度偏差是衡量流场均匀性的重要指标。采用FLUENT6.3软件对某600 MW超临界燃煤机组的SCR烟气脱硝系统内流场进行数值模拟,主要针对空塔布置时,在烟道多变截面和弯头处出现的流场充满度差、低速三角区、高速冲刷区和低速回流区进行优化。模拟结果显示,采用不同倾角的"直板"、"圆弧"型、"平直—圆弧—平直"型和"圆弧—平直"型导流板可以有效抑制烟道弯头处烟气速度分离的现象。将AIG上游标准速度偏差从空塔时的58.60%降低到9.43%,催化剂入口速度偏差从空塔时的86.31%降到8.60%。提高了NH_3与烟气的混合效果,氨氮摩尔比维持0.81左右,脱硝效率从69.76%提高到92.37%,NH3逃逸率由1.9×10~(-5)降低到2.9×10~(-6)。     

适用于注聚稠油油田的FPSO换热器选型研究

针对注聚稠油油田出现的FPSO换热器脏堵现象,通过对换热器脏堵物的形成机理及换热器选型分析,对比弓形折流板管式换热器、螺旋板换热器、刮面式换热器、管壳式螺旋折流板换热器、连续螺旋折流板式换热器之间的性能特点,确定连续螺旋折流板式换热器的选型优势。通过对10°螺旋角的油-水模拟试验研究,采用综合性能参数,验证其在高粘流体换热方面的流速高、压降低、传热系数大等诸多特点,对比分析单弓及螺旋折流板换热器性能特点及优势。