泄漏检测与维修技术在乙烯裂解装置的应用研究

介绍了泄漏检测与维修(LDAR)技术在9套乙烯裂解装置中的应用情况,对泄漏检测数据进行了统计分析。根据不同密封类型、不同装置区域、不同检测数据区间的泄漏率、泄漏量,探讨了乙烯裂解装置挥发性有机物(VOCs)的泄漏规律,同时对泄漏原因进行了分析,根据泄漏点修复率和VOCs减排量对维修效果进行了评估。     

Characteristics of ozone and ozone precursors (VOCs and NOx) around a petroleum refinery in Beijing, China

A field measurement campaign for ozone and ozone precursors(VOCs and NOx) was conducted in summer 2011 around a petroleum refinery in the Beijing rural region. Three observation sites were arranged, one at southwest of the refinery as the background, and two at northeast of the refinery as the downwind receptors. Monitoring data revealed the presence of serious surface O3 pollution with the characteristics of high average daily mean and maximum concentrations(64.0 and 145.4 ppbV in no-rain days, respectively) and multi-peak diurnal variation. For NOx, the average hourly concentrations of NO2 and NO were in the range of 20.5–46.1 and 1.8–6.4 ppbV, respectively. For VOC measurement, a total of 51 compounds were detected. Normally, TVOCs at the background site was only dozens of ppbC, while TVOCs at the downwind sites reached several hundreds of ppbC. By subtracting the VOC concentrations at background, chemical profiles of VOC emission from the refinery were obtained, mainly including alkanes(60.0% ± 4.3%), alkenes(21.1% ± 5.5%) and aromatics(18.9% ± 3.9%). Moreover, some differences in chemical profiles for the same measurement hours were observed between the downwind sites; the volume ratios of alkanes with low reactivity and those of alkenes with high reactivity respectively showed an increasing trend and a decreasing trend. Finally, based on temporal and spatial variations of VOC mixing ratios, their photochemical degradations and dispersion degradations were estimated to be 0.15–0.27 and 0.42–0.62, respectively, by the photochemical age calculation method, indicating stronger photochemical reactions around the refinery.     

室内空气中挥发性有机化合物及多孔炭材料在其脱除中的应用

随着工业化进程的不断推进，室内空气中的挥发性有机化合物（ＶＯＣ）对室内环境的污染日渐严重，对人体的健康也造成了危害，本文对此作了介绍，并综述了国上室内空气污染物的监测，采样，分析手段及治理方法，着重叙述了多孔炭材料在环保中的应用开发。     

Adsorption of phenthoate and acetochlor from water by clays and organoclays

IntroductionImmobilizationorseparationofcontaminantscontainedinpollutedwaterisanobjectiveofincreasingimportanceinavarietyofenvironmentalsettings.Theextentofpesticidecontaminationofthewaterenvironmenthasrecentlyraisedmuchconcernbecauseofthepotentialhealthh…     

废弃物基活性炭对VOCs废气的治理

研究了废弃物基活性炭在对VOCs吸附过程中的主要影响因素。结果表明废弃物基活性炭完全可用于VOCs的净化治理工艺。     

低温等离子体降解VOCs分子动力学模拟的研究进展

低温等离子体（Non-thermal Plasma,NTP）技术处理挥发性有机污染物具有结构简单、反应条件温和、处理费用少等优点,但是单纯的实验研究对反应机理、活性物质难以进行细节研究。随着计算机技术的发展,分子模拟已经成为一种高效、快速的研究手段,尤其是在直接测量成本高昂或难以实施的情况下,可以对实验研究进行不可或缺的补充。文章基于大量文献对分子模拟方法和模型进行了调查研究,综述了近三十年来分子模拟在NTP降解气体污染物中的研究进展,对反应机理和反应模型按时间顺序进行梳理,并希望模拟 技术朝着多污染物、多维度、多技术结合的方向发展。     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱联用监测环境空气中VOCs

采用全采样系统-全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱联用技术监测环境空气中的VOCs,优化了调制周期、升温程序、进样体积等分析条件.39种目标化合物在0 μg/m3～10.0 μg/m3范围内线性良好,检出限范围为0.03 μg/m3～0.09 μg/m3,标准气体平行测定的RSD为1.1％ ～5.3％.应用于化工园区环境空气样品测定,与热脱附-气相色谱/质谱法相比,目标物的分离效果更佳.     

典型污染时段鹤山大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势及来源解析

2013年10月对广东鹤山大气中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）变化特征、臭氧生成潜势和来源进行了研究。结果表明,观测期间测得的VOCs总平均值为26.6×10-9,表现为烷烃＞苯系物＞烯烃;烯烃日间值变化幅度较大,在清晨达到最大值;苯系物与一次污染物CO的变化趋势十分接近;烷烃的峰值出现时间较苯系物有所提前,且在短时间内迅速升高,表明观测点周边可能存在排放源;大气中各类VOCs的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）贡献表现为苯系物＞烯烃＞烷烃;从物种来看,乙烯等10种物质对总OFP的贡献占到了80.4%;观测期间测得的OFP贡献较大的VOCs物种主要来源于石化源、油漆溶剂和汽油挥发源。     

电化学法去除水中氯代有机化合物的研究进展

氯代有机化合物难降解、环境危害性极大,对氯代有机化合物的污染进行治理已成为水污染控制的重要课题。介绍了直接电化学氧化法、间接电化学氧化法、直接电化学还原法和间接电化学还原法用于水中氯代有机化合物处理的机理、研究现状;总结了电化学法去除氯代有机化合物的影响因素,同时指出电化学法在实际应用中存在的问题,并展望了氯代有机化合物电化学处理技术的应用前景。     

我们有能力将粤港打造成重视环保的城市群——本刊专访香港环境局局长邱腾华

"大幅削减二氧化硫、氮氧化物、可吸入悬浮粒子和挥发性有机化合物四大污染物排放量,是粤港双方合作的基础,背后亦肩负着两地民众对改善环境的重大期许!""烟雾或灰霾现象是-个大范围的区域性问题,要改善空气质量,必须集尽珠江三角洲区域内所有城市之力."