青岛市臭氧污染与非污染期间VOCs化学特征及来源解析

青岛市夏季臭氧浓度水平高且污染事件频发,开展臭氧污染过程和非污染时期的挥发性有机物(VOCs)及其臭氧生成潜势(OFP)的精细化来源解析研究,对于有效降低沿海城市的大气臭氧污染,持续改善环境空气质量将会发挥重要的作用.因此,利用青岛市2020年夏季(6～8月)小时分辨率的在线VOCs监测数据,分析臭氧污染过程和非臭氧污染时期环境VOCs的化学特征,并通过正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型进行了环境VOCs及其OFP的精细化来源解析研究.结果表明,青岛市夏季环境ρ(TVOCs)平均值为93.8μg·m^-3,臭氧污染过程相较于非臭氧污染时期TVOCs浓度上升了49.3%,其中芳香烃浓度增加最显著,增加了59.7%.夏季环境VOCs总的OFP达到246.3μg·m^-3,臭氧污染过程相较于非臭氧污染时期环境VOCs的总OFP增加了43.1%;其中烷烃增加最多,增加了58.8%.间-乙基甲苯和2,3-二甲基戊烷是臭氧污染过程中OFP增加幅度最大的物种.青岛市夏季环境VOCs的主要贡献源为柴油车(11.2%)、溶剂使用(4.7%)、液化石油气及天然气(27....     

基于WRF-CMAQ/ISAM模型的榆林市夏季O3来源解析

为了更清楚地了解榆林市夏季臭氧污染来源,提出科学的治理建议,利用WRF-CMAQ模型对2019年7月榆林市和周边地区(包含太原市、西安市、银川市和呼和浩特市等省会城市)的O₃浓度进行模拟;利用ISAM模块,对榆林市一次重污染过程的O₃和其前体物NO_x、 VOCs来源进行量化.结果表明,重污染日榆林市的O₃主要来自模拟区域外的远距离传输(55.5%),其次是模拟区域内前体物的光化学反应生成(20.6%,榆林市、山西省、内蒙古自治区和陕西省依次为10.0%、 5.0%、 2.3%和2.1%,甘肃省、宁夏回族自治区和河南省合计为1.2%)和初始条件(0.3%),剩余来源(23.6%)未能被成功标记;榆林市处于VOCs控制区,其VOCs由烷烃(76.5%)、酮类(9.2%)和其它种类的VOCs(14.3%)构成,VOCs来源有模拟区域内的污染源排放(45.6%,榆林市、山西省、内蒙古自治区和陕西省依次为22.0%、 11.4%、 6.3%和5.1%,甘肃省、宁夏回族自治区和河南省合计为0.8%)和模拟区域外...     

陕西省天然源挥发性有机物排放清单及时空分布特征研究

基于Guenther提出的天然源性有机化合物(BVOCs)公式计算模型,利用高精度土地利用遥感资料,模拟估算了2000—2020年陕西省107个区县BVOCs的排放量、排放组成及时空分布规律.测算结果显示,陕西省近20年来BVOCs排放量呈上升趋势,总排放量从101.17×10⁴ t·a^-1上升至111.43×10⁴ t·a^-1.近20年陕西省年平均BVOCs排放量为106.01×10⁴ t·a^-1,其中,异戊二烯排放量为31.65×10⁴ t·a^-1,占比为29.86%;单萜烯排放量为35.61×10⁴ t·a^-1,占比为33.60%;其他VOCs排放量为38.75×10⁴ t·a^-1,占比为36.54%.BVOCs排放总量存在季节性变化,呈夏季高、冬季低的规律,夏、冬两季排放量分别为69.0×10⁴、...     

泄漏检测与修复技术实施水平量化评估简介

介绍了泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)及挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)控制相关标准、指南和文件。研究了泄漏检测与修复项目实施水平量化评估技术。其中,评估流程包括制定评估方案、收集评估资料,开展现场评估,编写评估报告;评估要素包括资料审核、现场审核、人员考察、现场抽检4方面内容;水平量化评估包括LDAR技术实施水平量化评估检查表、LDAR技术实施水平量化评分标准。本研究对评估企业实施LDAR过程合规性,检测数据有效性,以及实施技术水平的可比性具有指导意义。     

室内挥发性有机化合物综合散发量及其特征

基于室内建筑污染源散发特性与汇效应机制分析,给出了建筑室内挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）综合散发量的计算模型,并进一步分析了材料内部扩散系数、气固界面分离系数和材料厚度对室内VOCs综合散发量的影响特征。研究结果表明,在近似稳定阶段室内VOCs综合散发量会随源材料内部扩散系数的增大而升高,而随源材料气固界面分离系数和材料厚度的增加而减小,且以源材料内部扩散系数的影响最为显著;同时,室内汇表面三类参数的增大均会使室内VOCs综合散发量降低;此外,在相同的环境参数条件下,室内VOCs综合散发量会因室内汇效应的存在而减小。     

纺织品中有毒有害物质检测技术的研究现状

纺织品中有毒有害物质超标是纺织品顺利进出口的主要限制因素,而目前中国的检测技术在具体实施中仍存在许多问题。本文阐述了国内纺织品中主要的三类物质检测技术的发展现状,并针对常用检测方法提出一些建议。     

Ozone sensitivity analysis with the MM5-CMAQ modeling system for Shanghai

Ozone has become one of the most important air pollution issues around the world. This article applied both O3/(NOy-NOx) and H2O2/HNO3 indicators to analyze the ozone sensitivity in urban and rural areas of Shanghai, with implementation of the MM5-CMAQ modeling system in July, 2007. The meteorological parameters were obtained by using the MM5 model. A regional emission inventory with spatial and temporal allocation based on the statistical data has been developed to provide input emission data to the MM5-CMAQ modeling system. Results showed that the ozone concentrations in Shanghai show clear regional differences. The ozone concentration in rural areas was much higher than that in the urban area. Two indicators showed that ozone was more sensitive to VOCs in urban areas, while it tended to be NOx sensitive in rural areas of Shanghai.     

Estimation and comparison of night-time OH levels in the UK urban atmosphere using two di erent analysis methods

Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites (Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 105–1 106 molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant di erence between the OH levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time.     

Applying model simulation and photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone sensitivity in southern Taiwan

Ozone sensitivity was investigated using CAMx simulations and photochemical indicator ratios at three sites (Pingtung City, Chao- Chou Town, and Kenting Town) in Pingtung County in southern Taiwan during 2003 and 2004. The CAMx simulations compared fairly well with the hourly concentrations of ozone. Simulation results also showed that Pingtung City was mainly a volatile organic compounds (VOC)-sensitive regime, while Chao-Chou Town was either a VOC-sensitive or a NOx-sensitive regime, depending on the seasons. Measurements of three photochemical indicators (H2O2, HNO3, and NOy) were conducted, and simulated three transition ranges of H2O2/HNO3 (0.5–0.8), O3/HNO3 (10.3–16.2) and O3/NOy (5.7–10.8) were adopted to assess the ozone sensitive regime at the three sites. The results indicated that the three transition ranges yield consistent results with CAMx simulations at most times at Pingtung City. However, both VOC-sensitive and NOx-sensitive regimes were important at the rural site Chao-Chou Town. Kenting Town, a touring site at the southern end of Taiwan, was predominated by a NOx-sensitive regime in four seasons.