线路板生产中有机废气的排放及防治措施

针对PCB线路板生产中存在的环保问题,分析了有机废气VOCs产生的原因及其毒害性,指出线路板行业突破环保问题这一瓶颈而实现可持续发展的出路在于实施绿色管理。     

氧化铈基催化剂在气相挥发性有机物降解领域的研究进展

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)作为大气污染物的主要来源日益受到关注.催化氧化技术被认为是最有效的VOCs降解方法之一,其核心是催化剂.氧化铈(CeO2)基催化剂因具有良好的储氧和释氧能力、价格相对低廉而备受关注.本文在论述CeO2基催化剂降解VOCs机理的基础上,分别从单一CeO2和CeO2基复合金属或金属氧化物两个方面...     

Measurement of in-vehicle volatile organic compounds under static conditions

The types and quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inside vehicles have been determined in one new vehicle and two old vehicles under static conditions using the Thermodesorber-Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (TD-GC/MS).Air sampling and analysis was conducted under the requirement of USEPA Method TO-17.A room-size,environment test chamber was utilized to provide stable and accurate control of the required environmental conditions (temperature,humidity,horizontal and vertical airflow velocity,and background VOCs concentration).Static vehicle testing demonstrated that although the amount of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) detected within each vehicle was relatively distinct (4940μg/m~3 in the new vehicle A,1240μg/m~3 in used vehicle B,and 132μg/m~3 in used vehicle C),toluene,xylene,some aromatic compounds,and various C_7-C_(12) alkanes were among the predominant VOC species in all three vehicles tested.In addition,tetramethyl succinonitrile,possibly derived from foam cushions was detected in vehicle B.The types and quantities of VOCs varied considerably according to various kinds of factors,such as,vehicle age, vehicle model,temperature,air exchange rate,and environment airflow velocity.For example,if the airflow velocity increases from 0.1 m/s to 0.7 m/s,the vehicle's air exchange rate increases from 0.15 h~(-1) to 0.67 h~(-1),and in-vehicle TVOC concentration decreases from 1780 to 1201μg/m~3.     

有机化合物KOC片段常数估算模型的误差与稳健性分析

分析了估算有机化合物吸着系数的片段常数模型的误差,并用４种不同方法检验了估算有机化合物吸纱数的片段常数模型的稳健性。重复随机抽取单一合物,逐一抽取估算值与实测值差别较大的个别化合物,重复随机抽取５０个化合物以及逐一抽取特定化合物类别。     

加油站在线监控系统简述与应用展望＊

加油站在线监控装置的正确安装应用是提高油气回收设备正常运行的重要保障,同时也是油气污染控制的有效保证。文章对目前世界上主要在线监控系统进行简述,对美国、德国、中国三国加油站在线监控系统进行分析比较,同时结合上海试点在线监控系统的应用情况和出现的问题,提出了对在线监控系统的应用展望。     

中国主要背景区域冬季大气PM2.5中非极性有机化合物组成及来源解析

本研究于2019年12月至2020年1月在5个区域大气本底站：临安、金沙、龙凤山、上甸子和瓦里关,同步采集了PM_2.5样品,分析了其中的非极性有机物：多环芳烃、正构烷烃和藿烷类化合物。结果表明,上甸子和龙凤山的多环芳烃平均浓度显著高于其他站点,分别为35.2±25.6 ng/m³和27.5±16.8 ng/m³;藿烷类物质的浓度在上甸子和临安出现高值,分别为2.72±1.78 ng/m³和2.47±0.990 ng/m³;正构烷烃浓度以临安最高,为86.7±40.6 ng/m³。对各站点多环芳烃和藿烷类化合物采用比值法,正构烷烃采用主峰碳数（C_max）、碳优势指数（carbon preference index,CPI）和植物蜡贡献率（% Wax C_n）,结合主成分分析-多元线性回归模型（PCA/MLR）综合进行源解析。结果显示采样期间除瓦里关外,其余站点燃烧源均以化石燃料源为主,贡献率分别为临安（94.9%） > 金沙（75.3%） > 龙凤山（74.7%） > 上甸子（62.5%） > 瓦里关（35.6%）。后向轨迹聚类分析（HYSPLIT）和潜在源贡献因子分析法（PSCF）表明各站点主要受到外来传输气团的影响,并查明了各站点的潜在污染源区。对背景站点的研究表明,东北地区和京津冀地区PM_2.5中非极性有机物来源相似,京津冀地区的生物质燃烧源贡献率高于东北地区;长江中下游地区化石燃料贡献率显著高于生物质燃烧;华中地区燃煤和交通排放源排放贡献率均低于长江三角洲地区;青藏高原地区生物质燃烧贡献率远高于其他地区。     

Developing chemical signatures of particulate air pollution in the Pearl River Delta region, China

PM2:5 samples were collected in a regional sampling network with three sites in Hong Kong and four sites in the adjacent inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) or Guangdong Province during four months/seasons from 2002–2003. Trans-boundary transport between Hong Kong and the inland PRD is inevitable under the influence of Asian monsoon. In summer, Hong Kong serves as the upwind site of the inland PRD while during other seasons it is under the influence of continental emissions. Previous studies have recognized the importance of using chemical signatures to differentiate local vs. regional contributions to air pollutants in Hong Kong such as the CO/NOx ratio, ratios of different VOC species. In this study, detailed chemical speciation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed with PM2:5 samples to identify new chemical signatures to distinguish aerosols in Hong Kong from those from the inland PRD. Since Hong Kong is not influenced by the continental emissions from the inland PRD during summer, comparison focused on chemical data obtained from this season for chemical signatures. The new ratios developed from the current study include LCPI/HCPI ratio of alkanes (0.39 0.02 in Hong Kong vs. 0.78 0.08 in the inland PRD), pyrene to benzo[ghi]perylene ratio (0.97 0.21 in Hong Kong compared to 0.20 0.06 in the inland PRD), and the ratio of 1,2-benzenedioic acid to 1,4-benzenedioic acid (1.8 0.1 in Hong Kong vs. 0.6 0.05 in the inland PRD). Results from this study also revealed that Hong Kong was impacted by ship emissions as reflected by substantially high V/Ni ratio (9 2) while this ratio was about 1–2 at all sites in the inland PRD, which is very close to typical ratios from residual oil combustion.     

根据分子连接性指数估算极性有机化合物的吸附系数

研究了分子连接性指数与极性有机化合物吸附系数（以有机碳计）的关系．通过对建模组中２１１种极性化合物分子连接性指数与ｌｏｇＫＯＣ进行回归分析，发现仅根据分子连接性指数不能准确地计算其ＫＯＣ值．当在模型中引入极性校正因子后，计算的准确度明显提高．据此建立了估算极性有机化合物ＫＯＣ的定量模型．对所研究的２３１种极性化合物，平均估算误差为０３１个对数单位，４５％的估算误差在０２个对数单位之内．     

皮革厂颗粒相污染物中有机成分谱的研究

调查了珠江三角洲典型皮革厂生产过程中不同车间PM₁₀的污染水平,并采用超声萃取和GC-MS联用技术研究了PM₁₀中半挥发性特征有机污染物的含量和成分谱.在所采集的PM₁₀样品中共检测出46种有机化合物,包括苯酚类、醇类、多环芳烃类、酸类、酰胺类和酯类等;真皮水场车间、真皮涂饰车间和人造皮革车间的PM₁₀浓度分别为678.5、 454.5和498.6 μg·m^-3,其颗粒相中有机物质量浓度分别为10.04、 6.89和14.21 μg·m^-3;真皮水场车间以酯类和酰胺类物质所占比重较大,分别为43.47%和36.51%,真皮涂饰车间以酯类和醇类物质所占比重较大,分别为52.52%和16.16%,人造革生产车间以酯类和酰胺类物质所占比重较大,分别为57.07%和24.17%;在得到的具体成分谱中,水场车间以9-十八碳烯酰胺含量最高,为26.15%,真皮涂饰车间以邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的含量最高,为44.19%,而人造革车间的丁烯二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和1-羟基哌啶含量明显高于其它2个车间.