Binding of pyrene to dissolved organic matters: fractionation and characterization

Based on a modified Leenheer DOM fractionation scheme, fractionation of DOM from the paddy soil was conducted by using XAD-8 resin into hydrophobic bases ( HOB), hydrophobic acids ( HOA), acid-insoluble matter ( AIM), hydrophobic neutrals ( HON ) and hydrophilic matter(HIM). In total carbon content of DOM, 35.32% were the HIM and only 0.73% the HOB. However, HOA and AIM altogether occupied 53.45%, while the HON fraction represented 10%. The sorption experiments were conducted to determine the sorption capacity of pyrene on unfractionated DOM and its fractions. Elemental analysis, ^1H-NMR and FTIR spectra were carried out on unfractionated DOM and its fractions to examine the relationship between the structure of DOM and partition coefficients( Kac ). The results showed that HON had a greater affinity for binding pyrene than other fractions. While HON was characterized by large long-chain alkylate (aliphatic structure). AIM exhibited relative higher Kac values than HOA and HIM, due to much aromatic structure in AIM, while the high content of carboxylic groups of HOA and HIM depressed their binding capacity. This study demonstrated HON is a key subcomponents of DOM in binding of pyrene, in other words, aliphalic structure in DOM play an important role in binding of pyrene.     

Determination of VOCs in groundwater at an industrial contamination site using a homemade low-density polyethylene passive diffusion sampler

A home-made inexpensive passive diffusion bag （PDB） sampler, prepared by filling deionized water in low-density polyethylene （LDPE） tubes, was evaluated for volatile organic compounds （VOC） sampling in groundwater at industrial contamination sites. Impacts of environmentally relevant conditions on the sampling equilibration time and partitioning of VOCs between the sampler and the water sample were investigated. Sample salinity, agitation and temperature can influence the equilibration time, but generally sampling equilibration was obtained in 14 days under real field sampling of VOCs in groundwater. Both laboratory study and field testing in a contaminated site showed that the VOC concentrations in the developed sampler were equal to those in the water samples at equitibrium. Coupled with a purge and trap concentrator-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （P＆T-GC-MS）, the developed PDB sampler provided a low-cost sampling device for routine monitoring of VOCs in groundwater in wells, with LODs in the range of 2.9-10 μg/L. The proposed PDB was applied to determine VOCs in groundwater at an industrial contamination site, and the present results agreed well with those determined using conventional pump-and-sample monitoring. All the studied 13 VOCs were tested in the four wells in the industrial contamination sites, with their concentrations in the range of 12-73660 μg/L. In addition, while benzene and toluene were heavily contaminated up to a maximum concentration of 74000 μg/L and 6000 μg/L, respectively, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and bromobenzene had relatively low contamination levels （below 25 μg/L）.     

Reduction of VOC emissions by a membrane-based gas absorption process

A membrane-based gas absorption (MGA) process was evaluated for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on C6H6/N2 mixture. The absorption of C6H6 from a C6H6/N2 mixture was investigated using a hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor and the aqueous solution of N-formyl morpholine (NFM) as absorbent. The effects of various factors on the overall mass transfer coefficient was investigated. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of C6H6 could reach 99.5% ...     

生物滴滤器处理高温甲苯废气的探讨

以甲苯为目标污染物,设计可控温的双塔生物滴滤器为净化装置,考察了高温条件下挥发性有机物的生物处理性能,镜检确定了高温条件下降解甲苯的优势菌种。结果表明:(1)液相驯化菌种对气相甲苯适应性较差,挂膜120～140h可形成稳定的生物膜;(2)随甲苯废气温度升高,甲苯去除效率下降,40℃效率最高,60℃仍有一定的去除能力;(3)短杆菌和球形菌为降解甲苯的优势菌种,球形菌是高温优势菌;(4)温度高于40℃时降解产物中检测到有机中间产物。     

Release of volatile organic compounds during bio-drying of municipal solid waste

Three treatments were tested to investigate the release concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the bio-drying of municipal solid waste (MSW) by the aerobic and combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes. Results showed that VOCs were largely released in the first 4 days of bio-drying and the dominant components were: dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, benzene, 2-butanone, limonene and methylene chloride. Thus, the combined hydrolytic-aerobic process was suggested for MSW bio-drying due to fewer aeration quantities in this phase when compared with the aerobic process, and the treatment strategies should base on the key properties of these prominent components. Malodorous sulfur compounds and terpenes were mainly released in the early phase of bio-drying, whereas, two peaks of release concentrations appeared for aromatics and ketones during bio-drying. Notably, for the combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes there were also high concentrations of released aromatics in the shift from hydrolytic to aerobic stages. High concentrations of released chlorinateds were observed in the later phase. For the VOCs produced during MSW bio-drying, i.e., malodorous sulfur compounds, terpenes and chlorinateds, their release concentrations were mainly determined by production rates; for the VOCs presented initially in MSW, such as aromatics, their transfer and transport in MSW mainly determined the release concentrations.     

生物滴滤池法处理挥发性有机污染物的进展

在综述生物法降解挥发性有机气体进展的基础上，着重讨论了生物滴滤池填料的选择，菌种的驯化方法，运行条件的选择及运行工况的调节等，并分析其存在问题和今后的技术发展方向。     

Influence of organic amendments on the sorption of pentachlorophenol on soils

The influence of pH on the sorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) onto three organic amendments, char, humic acid (HA) and peat, and the effect of organic amendments on PCP sorption to three kinds of soils were evaluated. The sorption of PCP on these sorbents fitted the Freundlich model well, suggesting that PCP sorption isotherms were nonlinear with exponential coefficient (N) value lower than 1. The PCP sorption capacity on three organic amendments and the N values increased with decreasing pH. The sorption capacities were in the order: char > HA > peat. Organic amendments resulted in an enhancement of sorption capacities of soils. The N values of PCP sorption on soils were decreased by char amendment and increased by HA and peat amendments. This study demonstrated that application of traditional organic amendments led to the enhancement of PCP sorption by soils. This information may aid both in predicting environmental fates of hydrophobic ionizable organic compounds and in developing remediation strategies for them.     

北京市机动车排放挥发性有机化合物的特征

利用气相色谱法对交通路口机动车排放的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)进行了监测,讨论了交通路口大气中VOCs的浓度水平和排放特征,并将历年来的数据进行了对比,结果表明,由于汽车保有量的增加,VOCs浓度有增加的趋势.使用无铅汽油后,烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃的组成比例有所变化,芳香烃的含量有较大程度的增加.     

改进VOCs废气处理系统 消除多重隐患

挥发性有机物VOCs(volatile organic compounds)是指参与大气光学反应的有机化合物,包括非甲烷烃类(烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳香烃等)、含氧有机物(醛、酮、醇、醚等)、含氯有机物、含氮有机物、含硫有机物等,是形成臭氧(O_3)和细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染的重要前提物。     

低浓度挥发性有机废气的处理进展

对于较难处理的低浓度、大风量和成分复杂的有机废气的处理,主要介绍了吸附－解吸－催化燃烧法、生物法及脉冲电晕放电法3种新方法,并简要评述了各种处理方法的优缺点和适用范围。