臭氧氧化处理油气管道清洗废水工艺优化研究

利用臭氧氧化方法处理海洋油气管道清洗废水,考察了臭氧氧化降解COD过程中臭氧投加量、p H和进气流量3个因素对废水COD处理效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,通过Design Expert 8.0.6软件对臭氧投加量、p H和进气流量3个因素进行Box-Behnken设计并优化,得到了臭氧氧化降解COD的二次多项式模型。分析表明,该模型对COD的去除率具有显著影响。确定最佳反应条件分别为:臭氧投加量为9.5 g/h,p H为8.92,进气流量为2.33 L/min。在此最佳条件下,COD最大去除率为39.21%,而模型的预测值为38.06%。模型与实际情况的吻合度较高。     

中国植被VOC排放清单的建立

应用《1:1000000 中国植被图集》数据,按照 Guenther 等提出的最新算法,结合土地使用情况,对中国植被 VOC 的排放情况进行了比较全面和系统的研究.结果表明,全国植被 VOC 的年总排放量约为 17.1TgC,其中异戊二烯为 4.85TgC,单萜烯为 3.29TgC,其它 VOC(OVOC)为8.94TgC.植被 VOC 的排放量分布情况与中国植被的分布情况有一定的相关性,并且 VOC 的排放情况具有明显的季节依赖性.     

蜂窝状微量贵金属催化剂对几种典型VOCs的催化氧化性能

研制出了用于催化氧化废气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的蜂窝状微量贵金属催化剂.用浸渍法制备催化剂Pt-Ce-La-Zr/Al2O3,并在自行设计的活性检测系统上,对用该催化剂净化含有苯、甲苯、乙醇、正己烷的模拟废气进行了研究,考察了空速、质量浓度等因素对催化剂活性的影响.实验结果表明,该催化剂对上述几种典型的VOCs气体都具有较低的起燃温度,其催化转化活性较好.     

挥发性有机化合物的污染控制技术

对大气中的挥发性有机化合物(VOC),人们已开发出一些卓有成效的污染控制技术。广泛采用的典型的VOC控制方法有热力焚烧法、催化焚烧法、活性炭吸附法、吸附与焚烧联合法、冷凝法和吸收法;开发中的VOC控制新技术有吸附-催化氧化技术、电化学氧化技术、光催化降解技术和电子加热技术。     

Impact of emission control on regional air quality: An observational study of air pollutants before, during and after the Beijing Olympic Games

An observational study on trace gases and PM2.5 was conducted at three sites in and around Beijing, during the Olympic season from 2007 to 2009. Air quality improved significantly during the Olympic Games due to the special emission control measures. However, concentrations of the primary pollutants and PM were found to have risen significantly after the Games. Although the major O3 precursors （NOx and VOCs） were well controlled during the Olympic season, O3 was still found to be the highest in 2008, based on the data of ground-based observation. All this information suggests that while control of regional emissions for the Beijing Olympic Games did improved the air quality in Beijing, more efforts will be needed for the continuous improvement of regional air quality, especially for significant reductions of O3 and fine particulate pollution, and not only in Beijing, but also in the B eijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.     

石化企业泄漏检测与维修技术研究现状及进展

介绍了石化企业泄漏检测与维修技术,并对国内外研究现状及进展情况进行综述,对相关法规标准和技术文件进行概述,同时介绍了LDAR技术在中国石化的应用情况,并提出下一步开展LDAR工作的建议     

微波解吸-催化燃烧净化甲苯研究

以甲苯为目标污染物,采用活性炭做吸附剂对含甲苯废气进行吸附;吸附完成后利用微波辐照进行解吸;另外采用浸渍法制备Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂并对微波解吸后的废气进行催化燃烧处理从而达到对污染物进行彻底净化的目的.实验中甲苯的浓度由气相色谱(GC)测定.结果表明,采用微波解吸后,在以氮气为载气的解吸气体中加入空气来提供氧气从而实现催化燃烧是可行的,解吸气与空气配比为1∶1(体积比)时效果最好,此时对应的催化空速为2.67 s-1.解吸温度会影响解吸气体中的甲苯浓度进而影响催化燃烧效率,实验结果表明400℃解吸比较理想.当催化燃烧温度保持在300℃时,系统对甲苯的最终净化效率可以维持在90%以上,其中大部分时间是在95%以上.     

Determining indoor air quality and identifying the origin of odour episodes in indoor environments

A methodology for identifying volatile organic compounds (VOC) and determining air quality of indoor air has been developed. The air samples are collected using pump samplers by the inhabitants when they perceive odorous and/or discomfort episodes. Glass multi-sorbent tubes are connected to the pump samplers for the retention of VOC. The analysis is performed by automatic thermal desorption (ATD) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This methodology can be applied in cases of sick building syndrome (SBS) evaluation, in which building occupants experience a series of varied symptoms that appear to be linked to time spent in the building. Chemical pollutants concentrations (e.g., VOC) have been described to contribute to SBS. To exemplify the methodology, a qualitative determination and an evaluation of VOC present were performed in a dwelling where the occupants experienced the SBS symptoms. Higher total VOC (TVOC) value was detected in episodes in indoor air (1.33 ( 1.53 mg/m3) compared to outdoor air (0.71 ( 0.46 mg/m3). The concentrations of individual VOCs, such as ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetic acid, acetonitrile and 1-metoxy-2-propanol, were also higher than the expected for a standard dwelling. The external source of VOC was found to be a not declared activity of storage and manipulation of solvents located at the bottom of a contiguous building.     

Commuter exposure to BTEX in public transportation modes in Bangkok, Thailand

Measurements and monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been conducted in the metropolitan Bangkok. However, in-vehicle levels of VOCs are still lacking. This study investigated VOCs concentrations in four public transportation modes in Bangkok, Thailand during two rush hour periods (7:00-9:00 a.m. and 4:00-7:00 p.m.). The four modes included an air-conditioned bus (A/C bus), non-air-conditioned bus (non-A/C bus), electric sky train, and a passenger boat traveling along the canal. Comparison among three important bus routes was also studied. In-vehicle air samples were collected using charcoal sorbent tubes and then analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Results showed that the transportation modes significantly influenced the abundance of in-vehicle benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m,p-xylene (BTEX). Median concentrations of BTEX were 11.7, 103, 11.7, and 42.8 μg/m3 in A/C bus; 37.1, 174, 14.7, and 55.4 μg/m3 in non-A/C bus; 2.0, 36.9, 0.5, and 0.5 μg/m3 in sky train; and 3.1, 58.5, 0.5, and 6.2 μg/m3 in boat, respectively. Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated that toluene and m,p-xylene in the sky trains were statistically lower than that in the other three modes at a p-value of 0.05. There were statistical differences in TEX concentrations among the bus routes in the non-A/C buses. In addition, the benzene to toluene ratios implied that tail-pipe emissions were important contributor to the abundance of in-vehicle VOCs.