双酚A和四溴双酚A对大型和斑马鱼的毒性

采用静态生物急性试验的方法,研究了双酚A和四溴双酚A对大型和斑马鱼的急性毒性和生命早期阶段的生长发育影响.结果表明,大型的幼接触不同浓度的双酚A和四溴双酚A,活动会受到抑制,甚至死亡,48 h的EC₅₀分别为8.91和0.69 mg·L^-1;对斑马鱼也有明显的毒性作用,其96 h的LC₅₀分别为9.06和1.78 mg·L^-1.根据化学物质对鱼类和类的毒性评价标准,这2个化合物都属于高毒物质.双酚A和四溴双酚A对斑马鱼生命早期阶段毒性影响的研究结果表明,对斑马鱼胚胎发育有明显抑制作用,可以造成胚胎发育畸形甚至死亡,斑马鱼胚胎72 h孵化畸形是双酚A的最敏感指标,EC₅₀为2.90 mg·L^-1,72 h未孵化是四溴双酚A的最敏感指标,EC₅₀为0.14 mg·L^-1.双酚A和四溴双酚A对鱼卵发育有显著影响,双酚A对鱼卵有致畸作用,四溴双酚A抑制了鱼卵孵化.     

乳化液废水湿式氧化后SBR处理研究

研究了乳化液废水湿式氧化前后的可生化性和生物毒性变化,并考察了SBR工艺处理湿式氧化后的乳化液废水的效果.实验证明,乳化液废水(COD＝48 000 mg/L) BOD₅/COD (B/C)为0.072 3,相当于0.120 mg/L氯化汞毒性,属难生化的高浓度有机废水.经湿式氧化处理后,B/C显著上升,温度越高,B/C上升幅度越大,生物毒性降低越多.在220℃和240℃湿式氧化后生物毒性分别降低18.3%和50.8%.SBR对220℃湿式氧化出水具有良好地处理效果,并有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,当进水COD为1 500～3 000 mg/L时,COD去除率为94.6%～96.1%,进水COD为2 000 mg/L时,出水COD平均为96.0 mg/L.WAO-SBR处理乳化液废水具有良好的开发前景.     

Behavior toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans transferred to the progeny after exposure to sulfamethoxazole at environmentally relevant concentrations

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most common detected antibiotics in the environment. In order to study whether SMX can a ect behavior and growth and whether these e ects could be transferred to the progeny, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed at environmentally relevant concentrations for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr, respectively. After exposure, the exposed parent generation (P0) was measured for behavior and growth indicators, which were presented as percentage of controls (POC). Then their corresponding unexposed progeny (F1) was separated and measured for the same indicators. The lowest POC for P0 after 96 hr-exposure at 100 mg/L were 37.8%, 12.7%, 45.8% and 70.1% for body bending frequency (BBF), reversal movement (RM), Omega turns (OT) and body length (BL), respectively. And F1 su ered defects with the lowest POC as 55.8%, 24.1%, 48.5% and 60.7% for BBF, RM, OT and BL, respectively. Defects in both P0 and F1 showed a time- and concentration-dependent fashion and behavior indicators showed better sensitivity than growth indicator. The observed e ects on F1 demonstrated the transferable properties of SMX. Defects of SMX at environmental concentrations suggested that it is necessary to perform further systematical studies on its ecological risk in actual conditions.     

Effects of UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 advanced oxidation on unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina: Implications for removal of invasive species from ballast water

The UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was investigated for ballast water treatment using Dunaliella salina as an indicator. Inactivation curves were obtained, and the toxicity of e uent was determined. Compared with individual unit processes using ozone or UV/Ag-TiO2, the inactivation e ciency of D. salina by the combined UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 process was enhanced. The presence of ozone caused an immediate decrease in chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration. Inactivation e ciency and chl-a removal e ciency were positively correlated with ozone dose and ultraviolet intensity. The initial total residual oxidant (TRO) concentration of e uent increased with increasing ozone dose, and persistence of TRO resulted in an extended period of toxicity. The results suggest that UV/Ag-TiO2/O3 has potential for ballast water treatment.     

贵州省典型煤矿区水体水质分析及其急性生物毒性

为了解煤矿开采对周围水环境的影响,对贵州四个煤矿区水体的理化指标进行了测定,并用隆线溞对水样进行了急性生物毒件实验.结果表明,各煤矿的开采对研究区的地表水体均造成了不同程度污染,水体中SO42-、Fe与Mn的最高含量分别达到了2 588.96 mg/L.58.301 mg/L,7.097 mg/L.pH值最低为2.85...     

石油污染土壤对玉米生长的影响及其生态毒性研究

以胜利油田石油污染土壤为供试土壤,通过温室盆栽试验,研究了四个不同浓度石油污染处理(0％,1％,5％和10％)对玉米生长的影响,测定了土壤呼吸强度以及一系列的土壤酶指标和植物指标.结果表明:试验土属滨海盐碱土.在盐碱化和石油污染的双重胁迫下,玉米的发芽率随着土壤石油烃浓度的升高呈先减小后增大的趋势,其根长、叶片数和植物...     

发光菌在环境毒性检测中的应用

快速、灵敏、低廉的发光细菌毒性检测技术能够准确评价各类污染物毒性,反映出水体的污染情况和污染物的毒性。概括了发光菌毒性监测技术及其原理,综述了在水环境、大气环境、土壤环境等方面的应用研究,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

三唑磷对中华乌塘鳢的急性毒性及乙酰胆碱酯酶毒性效应

利用三唑磷对中华乌塘鳢进行毒性效应实验,结果表明,三唑磷对中华乌塘鳢的12、24、36、48 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为:635、241、116、58μg/L-1.24 h暴露后,1、10、100、500、1000μg/L各浓度组之间试验动物脑乙酰胆碱酯酶酶活存在显著差异(P>0.05);48 h暴露后,1、10、...     

盘溪河ToxScreen-Ⅱ测试法水体毒性沿程变化特征分析

应用ToxScreen-Ⅱ毒性分析仪发光细菌法对盘溪河水样进行毒性测试,分析其毒性沿程变化特征以及对嘉陵江水质的影响。结果表明,受污染物、流速、溶解氧等因素的影响,盘溪河水体生物毒性沿程表现出从无到有再到无的变化过程;虽然d3、d4、d5水体为微毒性,但入河口d7无毒性水体对嘉陵江水质影响较低。鉴于该仪器具有携带方便、操作简单、测试速度快、抗干扰力强等优点,建议在我市污染事故水体急性毒性分析及区域水质毒性变化预警监测中推广使用。     

渤海湾脉红螺中多氯联苯和多溴联苯醚的测定分析

应用GC/HRMS对渤海湾脉红螺中的PCBs(多氯联苯)和PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)2类持久性有机污染物进行了测定分析.结果表明:雄性脉红螺中PCB(3～10氯代)的质量分数(10.1 ng/g,以干质量计)和PBDEs(BDE28、BDE47、BDE99、BDE100、BDE153、BDE154、BDE209)的质量分数(1.74 ng//g)均高于雌性脉红螺(分别为8.09和1.38 ng/g);雄性脉红螺中PCBs的WHO-TEQ(毒性当量,8.41 pg/g,以脂肪质量计)高于雌性脉红螺(4.34 pg/g),其中PCB118和PCB126的贡献率分别为13%和77%.脉红螺的不同组织中,性腺和消化腺中w(PCBs)和w(PBDEs)最高,肌肉组织中最低;主要同类物为PCB118、PCB101、PCB28、PCB138、PCB180、PCB52、PCB153和5-PCB以及BDE209.渤海湾脉红螺的消化腺可以作为PCBs和PBDEs的生物指示物.