Electrocatalytic reduction of ortho nitrobenzaldehyde using modified aluminum electrode and its determination

A simple, cost effective and rapid electrochemical method has been developed for the determination of micro level ortho nitrobenzaldehyde（ONB） based on outstanding properties of modified aluminum electrode tin nanorods/anodic aluminum oxide/aluminum（SnNR/AAO/Al） for the first time. The SnNR/AAO/Al electrode was fabricated by a second step anodization, followed by electrodeposition and its electrochemical behavior was investigated in detail. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the SnNR/AAO/Al electrode exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of ONB in the acidic solution. It provides an appreciable improvement of reduction peak for ONB at-0.721 V.Furthermore, various kinetic parameters such as transfer electron number, transfer proton number and standard heterogeneous rate constant were calculated from the scan rates.The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the ONB determination by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit are 0.1-100 μmol/L and 0.05 μmol/L, respectively,for ONB. The analytical performance of this modified sensor has been evaluated for detection of real sample such as river water and recovery of ONB was achieved all-out up to102.3% under standard addition method.     

从矸石电厂粉煤灰中提取氧化铝的综合利用探讨

循环经济模式指导下的粉煤灰综合利用,可以大大减少矿区固体废弃物占用土地、减轻污染、保护环境,实现经济的可持续发展。依据新汶矿区矸石电厂粉煤灰的理化特征。提出了酸浸法提取氧化铝,同时生产白炭黑、微晶玻璃等的粉煤灰综合利用方案,符合矿区循环经济发展要求,具有重要的经济、环境和社会意义。     

电渗析法处理氧化铝厂外排废水

氧化铝厂每日排放大量生产废水,这些废水对环境造成了严重污染,同时也严重浪费了水资源.针对这一问题,本文用电渗析法处理及回收利用氧化铝厂外排废水.试验采用循环式脱盐,试验过程中控制淡水体积是浓水体积的4倍,即废水回收率为80%,分别进行恒压、恒电流操作以及恒压条件下淡水进水线速度对脱盐效果的影响等试验,确定本体系的最佳操作条件.采用100 V端电压,控制淡水、浓水进水线速度为5 cm/s的条件下,进行3次平行脱盐试验,结果表明试验重复性好,制得的淡水含盐总量低于500 mg/L,水质符合氧化铝厂工业用水要求.单位产水量能耗较低,小于1.75 kW·h/m3淡水,具有良好的经济效益.     

羟基聚合氯化铝的絮凝形态学

羟基聚合物的形态转化是无机高分子絮凝剂的核心问题，其形态学应包括研制，生产和应用三方面内容。铝的羟基聚合物形态主要有六员环连续模式和聚十三铝聚集模式两类论点。形态控制参数应以水解度和碱化度并用。     

天然有机物在氧化铝表面的吸附机理研究

考察了天然有机物(NOM)的2种分离组份(憎水部分HyO,亲水部分HyI)和一种商用腐殖酸(CHA)在氧化铝表面的吸附-解吸行为规律,从芳香性、分子量、极性的角度探讨了NOM自身特性对吸附性能的影响,并通过改变溶液性质(pH值、离子强度、二价阳离子Ca2 ),进一步论证了NOM在金属氧化物表面的吸附机理.结果表明,芳香性高、弱极性的有机物吸附性能较强;降低溶液的pH值,有助于增加吸附剂的吸附容量;离子强度和Ca2 对吸附行为的影响,与NOM自身和内部组分的性质有关.NOM吸附于金属氧化物表面的机理,可以归结为配位体交换、静电作用、憎水作用、阳离子架桥等多个因素共同作用的结果.采用原子力显微成像技术,进一步从微观角度证实了憎水作用和阳离子架桥作用的存在.