混合接种PN与PN/A颗粒污泥快速启动连续流自养生物脱氮反应器

在连续流条件下,快速培养亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化（PN/A）颗粒污泥是实现污水高效生物脱氮处理的关键技术. 与PN/A污泥相比,亚硝化（PN）颗粒污泥具有生长周期短、易于批量化培养的优点,并可作为富集厌氧氨氧化菌（AMX）的载体. 在3个完全混合流反应器（R1~R3）中,分别按照质量比3∶1、1∶1和1∶3混合接种PN/A和PN颗粒污泥,并通过设置高氨氮负荷、短水力停留时间和强水力剪切条件,成功启动了连续流自养生物脱氮工艺. 结果表明,尽管R3的启动时长较R1和R2更长,但污泥接种比并未显著影响连续流反应器在稳定状态下的脱氮性能,总氮去除负荷均可达到2.6 kg·（m³·d）^-1以上. 接种的PN颗粒污泥通过提供好氧氨氧化菌种（AOB）,为AMX生长供给了充足的亚硝态氮基质,充分发挥了培养PN/A颗粒污泥的前驱体作用. 由高通量测序结果可知,R1~R3中成熟颗粒的微生物丰度和多样性指数均明显高于接种污泥. AOB（Nitrosomonas属）和AMX（Candidatus Kuenenia和Brocadia属）与Chloroflexi、Bacteroidetes和Chlorobi等异养菌门是驱动自养生物脱氮和维持颗粒结构稳定的关键菌群. 总之,PN与PN/A颗粒污泥的混合接种是快速启动连续流自养脱氮工艺的可行策略,对工程应用具有指导意义.     

文丘里喷嘴改进除尘滤筒对撞脉喷清灰性能的数值模拟

除尘滤筒的脉冲喷吹清灰存在清灰不良问题,考察了文丘里喷嘴对新型对撞喷吹性能的改善效果,构建了脉冲喷吹的数值模型,运用Ansys Fluent 19.0软件对清灰流场进行模拟与分析。结果表明,文丘里喷嘴和普通喷嘴在相同条件下对撞脉喷形成的高压喷吹气流的运移规律类似,移动式作用于滤筒壁面。应用文丘里喷嘴有利于显著提高对撞脉喷过程中滤筒中下部的喷吹压力,进而提高整体的喷吹强度。与普通喷嘴相比,文丘里喷嘴喷吹距离越大,对于对撞脉喷清灰喷吹强度的提升越加显著。以上结论可为除尘器的脉喷清灰优化设计提供参考。     

Denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources in a pre-denitrification process

The aim of this study is to investigate the denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources and to estimate the denitrification potential for the predenitrification system using nitrate utilization rate （NUR） batch tests. It is shown that the denitrification potential can be substantially increased with the addition of three external carbon sources, i.e. methanol, ethanol, and acetate, and the denitrification rates of ethanol, acetate, and methanol reached up to 9.6, 12, and 3.2 mgN/（g VSS.h）, respectively, while that of starch wastewater was only 0.74 mgN/（g VSS,h）. By comparison, ethanol was found to be the best external carbon source. NUR batch tests with starch wastewater and waste ethanol were carried out. The denitfification potential increased from 5.6 to 16.5 mg NO3-N/L owing to waste ethanol addition. By means of NUR tests, the wastewater characteristics and kinetic parameters can be estimated, which are used to determine the denitrification potential of wastewater, to calculate the denitrification potential of the plant and to predict the nitrate effluent quality, as well as provide information for developing carbon dosage control strategy.     

Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate

An UASB＋Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^＋-N loading rate （ALR） of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3-d） and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^＋-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3.d）, the NH4^＋-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^＋-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^＋-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^＋-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria （AOB） accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population.     

亚硝酸盐型同步脱氮除硫工艺单质硫产率及特性

采用SBR同步脱氮除硫反应器,设置了化学对照组(灭菌,不添加污泥)和生物试验组(添加污泥),以期研究亚硝酸盐型同步脱氮除硫工艺中S0的产率以及特性.发现化学对照组中NO2--N和S2--S的去除率最高可分别达到25.07％和62.26％,其主要产物为NH4+-N和S2SO32--S,并无S0生成.而在生物试验组中,NO...     

声波清灰技术在滤筒除尘器上的应用实验研究

在脉冲喷吹的基础上,向滤筒除尘系统中导入声波,以改善清灰效果,并通过实验得出两者的最佳组合方式。调节声波相关参数,得出声波的频率和声压对清灰效果的影响关系,并找到最佳频率。     

A~2/O-曝气生物滤池工艺处理低C/N比生活污水脱氮除磷

以低C/N比实际生活污水为研究对象,重点考查了A2/O-曝气生物滤池生化系统的脱氮除磷特性.同时,考虑到A2/O工艺的主要功能是除磷及反硝化,而曝气生物滤池则以硝化为目的.因此,通过缩短A2/O的泥龄,可将硝化过程从A2/O中分离出去,让曝气生物滤池完成硝化,实现硝化菌和聚磷菌的分离,并解决了硝化菌和聚磷菌泥龄之间的矛盾.试验结果表明,该生化系统可实现有机物、氮和磷的同步去除.在平均C/N比为4.2,内回流比R为250%的条件下,平均进水COD、TN、TP分别为239.9、57.3和5.1mg·L-1,平均最终出水COD、TN、TP分别为34.1、13.3和0.1mg·L-1,去除率分别为85.8%、76.9%和98.3%.曝气生物滤池对氨氮几乎保持了100%的去除率.序批试验表明,反硝化聚磷菌占聚磷菌的比例为40.5%.     

浅谈液氨的危险特性及涉氨冷库的安全管理

当地时间2020年12月22日晚,印度北方邦一化肥厂发生氨气泄漏事故.造成至少2人死亡,15人受伤。氨作为一种重要的化工原料,应用广泛。为了运输及储存方便,通常将气态的氨气通过加压或冷却得到液态氨,储存于耐压钢瓶或钢槽中。液氨在实际运用中的作用非常巨大,如在国防工业,可用于制造火箭、导弹的推进剂:在农业领域,可制造化学肥料、农药等。     

K2SO4的添加对V2O5/AC催化/脱硫剂脱硫活性的促进作用

将K2SO4以等体积浸渍法担载在1wt%的V2O5/AC(V1/AC)催化/脱硫剂上,制备了K担载量分别为0.5wt%和1.0wt%的K2SO4-V1/AC催化剂.结果表明,K2SO4的担载显著促进了V1/AC催化/脱硫剂的脱硫活性,延长了SO2的穿透时间,增加了有效硫容;再生后二次脱硫活性基本得以恢复,促进作用继续保持,因此是该催化/脱硫剂的有效助剂.对于较高的K担载量(1.0%),适度升高再生温度至350℃有助于其二次活性的恢复.另外,在K2SO4担载的V1/AC催化剂上,脱硫过程中有K2SO4的形成,但只是中间产物而不是最终稳定产物,其对V1/AC催化/脱硫剂脱硫活性的促进作用,体现在中间物K2S2O7作为一个运输载体,促进了SO2的氧化产物SO3从催化剂氧化活性中心位置向周围孔道、储存位转移的过程,从而使得SO2的高转化率得以更长时间的保持.     

低碳城市污水反硝化除磷试验

采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),基于缺氧吸磷理论,在(AO)-SBBR运行过程中引入一个缺氧段形成了一个全新的(AO)2-SBBR运行系统,经过4个阶段的培养驯化,反硝化除磷菌占全部聚磷菌数量的比例从14.82%增长到63.04%。在进水CODCr、总磷、总氮和氨氮浓度分别为156.41、4.64、33.08和30.64mg/L的条件下,出水总磷、总氮和氨氮浓度分别为1.06、17.55和4.32mg/L,相应去除率分别达到77.15%、46.94%和85.9%,有效解决了低碳城市污水同步脱氮除磷过程中有机物不足的问题。