《大气污染防治先进技术汇编》正式发布

正为强化科技支撑大气污染防治工作,贯彻落实国务院《大气污染防治行动计划》,科技部与环境保护部在组织实施《蓝天科技工程"十二五"专项规划》的基础上,对大气污染防治方面的科研成果及应用情况进行了全面梳理和筛选评估,编制形成了《大气污染防治先进技术汇编》(以下简称《技术汇编》),并于3月5日正式发布.《技术汇编》汇集了89项关键技术及130余项相应案例成果,涵盖电站锅炉烟气排放控制、工业锅炉及煤窑锅炉排放控制、典型有毒有害工业废气净化、机动车尾气排放控制、居室及公共场所典型空气污染物净化、无组     

新气候变迁报告:减排若不控制恐将引发大灾难

正联合国气候变迁专家小组于11月2日推出第五个全球气候变迁评估报告.据法国国际广播电台报道,联合国气候变迁问题专家组11月2日在丹麦首都哥本哈根推出对全球气候状况的最新评估报告,报告以超乎寻常的强烈用词警告,人类面对地球生态环境快速恶化的风险,各国政府必须尽快行动,降低温室气体排放,实现在2100年前将温室气体排放量减至零,否则恐将引发生态和社会灾难.同时报告也指出,减排     

西安市机动车尾气超标原因分析与治理

随着城市机动化的高速发展,西安市整体机动车现状的主要问题在于快速增加的机动车数量和低水平的尾气控制排放技术。通过对西安市机动车尾气超标排放的现象和原因进行研究分析,从排放标准、燃油品质和机动车工况多个方面提出了针对性的改善意见和处理措施,为西安市机动车尾气污染的预防、控制和治理提供了一定的科学依据。     

催化还原法净化处理氮氧化物的工程实例

针对不锈钢产品酸洗处理过程中产生的氮氧化物浓度高、对大气污染的影响大、且难于净化治理等特性,在上海某不锈钢项目中设计了一套酸雾净化系统。该设计解决了酸洗中产生的氮氧化物难以净化的问题,提升了氮氧化物处理技术,它将成为不锈钢酸洗行业中氮氧化物净化处理技术的发展方向。     

Evaluation of accuracy of linear regression models in predicting urban stormwater discharge characteristics

Stormwater runoff has been identified as a source of pollution for the environment, especially for receiving waters. In order to quantify and manage the impacts of stormwater runoff on the environment, predictive models and mathematical models have been developed. Predictive tools such as regression models have been widely used to predict stormwater discharge characteristics. Storm event characteristics, such as antecedent dry days （ADD）, have been related to response variables, such as pollutant loads and concentrations. However it has been a controversial issue among many studies to consider ADD as an important variable in predicting stormwater discharge characteristics. In this study, we examined the accuracy of general linear regression models in predicting discharge characteristics of roadway runoff. A total of 17 storm events were monitored in two highway segments, located in Gwangju, Korea. Data from the monitoring were used to calibrate United States Environmental Protection Agency＇s Storm Water Management Model （SWMM）. The calibrated SWMM was simulated for 55 storm events, and the results of total suspended solid （TSS） discharge loads and event mean concentrations （EMC） were extracted. From these data, linear regression models were developed. R2 and p-values of the regression of ADD for both TSS loads and EMCs were investigated. Results showed that pollutant loads were better predicted than pollutant EMC in the multiple regression models. Regression may not provide the true effect of site-specific characteristics, due to uncertainty in the data.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

Two-step accelerated mineral carbonation and decomposition analysis for the reduction of CO2 emission in the eco-industrial parks

Carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions are a leading contributor to the negative effects of global warming. Globally, research has focused on effective means of reducing and mitigating CO2 emissions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of eco-industrial parks（EIPs） and accelerated mineral carbonation techniques in reducing CO2 emissions in South Korea.First, we used Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI） analysis to determine the trends in carbon production and mitigation at the existing EIPs. We found that, although CO2 was generated as byproducts and wastes of production at these EIPs, improved energy intensity effects occurred at all EIPs, and we strongly believe that EIPs are a strong alternative to traditional industrial complexes for reducing net carbon emissions. We also examined the optimal conditions for using accelerated mineral carbonation to dispose of hazardous fly ash produced through the incineration of municipal solid wastes at these EIPs. We determined that this technique most efficiently sequestered CO2 when micro-bubbling, low flow rate inlet gas, and ammonia additives were employed.     

Fast increasing of surface ozone concentrations in Pearl River Delta characterized by a regional air quality monitoring network during 2006-2011

Based on the observation by a Regional Air Quality Monitoring Network including 16 monitoring stations, temporal and spatial variations of ozone(O3), NO2and total oxidant(Ox) were analyzed by both linear regression and cluster analysis. A fast increase of regional O3concentrations of 0.86 ppbV/yr was found for the annual averaged values from 2006 to 2011 in Guangdong, China. Such fast O3increase is accompanied by a correspondingly fast NOx reduction as indicated by a fast NO2 reduction rate of 0.61 ppbV/yr. Based on a cluster analysis, the monitoring stations were classified into two major categories – rural stations(non-urban) and suburban/urban stations. The O3concentrations at rural stations were relatively conserved while those at suburban/urban stations showed a fast increase rate of 2.0 ppbV/yr accompanied by a NO2 reduction rate of 1.2 ppbV/yr. Moreover, a rapid increase of the averaged O3 concentrations in springtime(13%/yr referred to 2006 level) was observed, which may result from the increase of solar duration, reduction of precipitation in Guangdong and transport from Eastern Central China. Application of smog production algorithm showed that the photochemical O3production is mainly volatile organic compounds(VOC)-controlled. However, the photochemical O3production is sensitive to both NOx and VOC for O3pollution episode. Accordingly, it is expected that a combined NOx and VOC reduction will be helpful for the reduction of the O3 pollution episodes in Pearl River Delta while stringent VOC emission control is in general required for the regional O3 pollution control.     

欲要蓝天再现 先从完善立法开始

<正>雾霾锁国,深中霾伏,自强不吸……最近两年,大气污染成了13亿人民关注的焦点。为回应民意,中央政府迅速出台了《大气污染防治行动计划》,提出了"全国空气质量总体改善,重污染天气较大幅度减少"的总体目标,各级地方政府也就2017年具体减排目标纷纷做出承诺。一切似乎都预示实现呼吸清洁空气的梦想指日可待。然而,2013年年底国家发改委发布的"十二五"规划纲要     

江苏省人为源挥发性有机物排放清单

掌握VOCs排放特征是研究区域大气复合污染特征和控制策略的前提.对江苏省VOCs人为源进行系统分类,收集活动水平数据,应用国内外排放因子研究成果及江苏省行业调研结果,采用排放因子法建立了江苏省2010年分行业、分城市的人为源VOCs排放清单.结果表明:江苏省人为源VOCs排放总量约为179.20×104t,其中化石燃料燃烧源、生物质燃烧源、工业过程源、溶剂使用源、移动源、油品储运源的排放量分别占排放总量的24.1%、3.3%、22.3%、25.3%、18.4%和6.6%,工业过程源中石油炼制、有机化工、医药制造是重点行业,溶剂使用源中机械装备制造、电子设备制造是重点行业.南京、苏州、无锡、常州、南通5个苏南城市VOCs排放量明显高于苏北和苏中地区,占全省总排放量的60.0%,苏州、南京、无锡排放量居前3位.各城市化石燃料燃烧源和移动源排放所占比例均超过10.0%,其他重点行业差异显著,其中南京市为石油炼制、有机化工,苏州市为有机化工、机械涂装,无锡市为有机化工、电子设备制造.