早霜冻对水稻商品品质的影响

在调查水稻生长发育物候期和黑龙江省粮库各年收购水稻商品品质的基础上，采用统计分析和灰色系统分析方法，研究了黑龙江省早霜冻的发生规律和对水稻商品品质的影响，并提出了减轻水稻早霜冻害的具体对策和建议．     

SO2气体污染水稻的鉴定与赔偿依据的探讨

通过对水稻受ＳＯ２气体污染后症状的确诊，以及污染程度的分析，提出了水稻受损的赔偿依据。     

二氧化硫对水稻的影响

以徐州市郊受ＳＯ２污染较重的及较轻的两个生产队为调查重点，着重在水稻的分蘖数、千粒重、亩产量等方面探讨了ＳＯ２对水稻生长的影响程度。结果表明；受ＳＯ２污染较重的水稻、分蘖数减少、千粒重偏轻、亩产量大幅度降低。     

水稻土裂缝的生成对N2O释放的影响

通过土柱试验模拟了3种水稻土从淹水到日渐变干过程中的N2O日变化和时变化规律.相同质地的粉质黏壤土青紫泥和黄斑田有相似的N2O日释放规律,区别于粉质壤土的小粉土.24h内开裂土壤青紫泥和黄斑田的释放高峰分别在14:00和凌晨2:00,未开裂的小粉土释放高峰仅在凌晨2:00.裂缝的产生使N2O释放高峰提前出现.在培养过程中开裂的青紫泥和黄斑田的N2O日排放通量与含水量之间存在显著的指数关系,而未开裂的小粉土则未呈现明显相关关系.在裂缝产生过程中,裂缝的平均体积与N2O日排放通量之间存在极显著的乘幂关系.裂缝的平均面积与N2O日排放通量存在显著的乘幂关系,裂缝的平均深度与N2O日排放通量之间呈显著的线性关系.     

Ammonia volatilization losses and 15N balance from urea applied to rice on a paddy soil

Ammonia volatilization loss and ^15N balance were studied in a rice field at three different stages after urea application in Taihu Lake area with a micrometeorological technique. Factors such as climate and the NH4^＋-N concentration in the field floodwater affecting ammonia loss were also investigated. Results show that the ammonia loss by volatilization accounted for 18.6%-38.7% of urea applied at different stages, the greatest loss took place when urea was applied at the tillering stage, the smallest at the ear bearing stage, and the intermediate loss at the basal stage. The greatest loss took place within 7 d following the fertilizer application. Ammonia volatilization losses at three fertilization stages were significantly correlated with the ammonium concentration in the field floodwater after the fertilizer was applied. ^15N balance experiment indicated that the use efficiency of urea by rice plants ranged between 24.4% and 28.1%. At the early stage of rice growth, the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was rather low, only about 12%. The total amount of nitrogen lost from different fertilization stages in the rice field was 44.1%-54.4%, and the ammonia volatilization loss was 25.4%-33.3%. Reducing ammonia loss is an important treatment for improving N use efficiency.     

光合生物有机肥在有机水稻生产中的应用效果

采用田间试验方法，研究了光合生物有机肥在生产有机水稻上的应用效果。结果表明：光合生物有机肥应用在生产有机水稻上，按HJ／T80—2001有机食品技术规范操作，667m^2能生产有机水稻538．8kg，农户增加经济效益138.59元。     

水稻耐亚铁的水培鉴定指标研究

通过水培试验，研究Ｆｅ（２＋）胁迫下的水稻品种生物性状和主要生理生态特性，明确Ｆｄ（２＋）１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ为鉴别水稻品种耐性差异的适宜亚铁浓度．并提出可将苗高、根系生长量、根系氧化力、干物质产量作为水稻品种耐亚铁的鉴定指标．     

不同水分管理模式下水稻土氮素形态转化与N2O释放的关系

在实验室培养条件下,对稻田土壤在4种水分管理模式下施用尿素后N素形态转化和N2O的释放情况进行测定。结果表明,N2O的释放峰值与NH4+-N浓度峰值同时出现,即尿素迅速水解为NH4+-N的同时N2O就大量释放。且不同水分管理模式都迅速达到N2O释放的高峰,但不同模式的峰值存在明显差异,其顺序为:干湿交替>临界饱和水>淹水管理>旱作管理。研究结果还表明,NO2--N浓度在第7天达到峰值时并没有出现相应的N2O释放峰,这可能与土壤的较高pH有关。60%WFPS处理以及干湿交替培养的落干期NO3--N浓度会持续增加,并随着NO3--N浓度峰值的出现,N2O的释放也出现一个峰值。     

江苏省主要水稻品种对甲磺隆的敏感性研究

在用土培方法探索水稻土培生物测定条件的基础上，研究了甲磺隆残留对水稻秧苗根系生长的影响。结果表明，采用高沙土，添加法加入甲磺隆，培养时调节土壤含水量３５％左右，恒温培养６ｄ，将获得满意的甲磺隆残留土培生物测定结果；用此方法测得的江苏主要水稻品种对甲磺隆残留的敏感程度呈现：常规粳稻＞糯稻、杂交粳稻＞常规籼稻＞杂交籼稻之趋势；土壤中甲磺隆残留量达０５μｇ／ｋｇ对江苏大多数水稻品种秧苗根系生长有着强烈的抑制作用。