Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution using carbonaceous K2S-impregnated adsorbent

A novel carbonaceous adsorbent for heavy metal removal was prepared from raw coal by one-step simple sulfur impregnation using K2S. Raw coal was mixed with K2S powder and then heated at 800°C for 30 min in nitrogen to produce K2S char. The sulfur content and form in K2S char were determined, and the ability of K2S char to adsorb Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ was examined. The K2S impregnation was e ective at impregnating sulfur into coal, especially in the form of elemental, thiophenic and sulfatic sulfur. The sulfur content of K2S char was higher than those of raw coal and pyrolysis char. The Zn2+ removal in 2.4 mmol/L of Zn2+ solution by K2S char was higher than raw coal with the removal rate of 100%. K2S char adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ in 24 mmol/L of Pb2+ and Cd2+ solution with the removal rate of 97% and 35%, respectively. The elution extents of adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ were zero in distilled water and 27% in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. These results indicated that an e ective adsorbent for heavy metal ions was prepared from coal using K2S sulfur impregnation, and that the adsorbed metals were strongly retained in K2S char.     

微电解处理低电导印染废水及热效应研究

针对低电导印染废水难处理的特点，采用微电解法对该废水进行了实验研究。在电压一定的条件下，通过改变NaCl电解质的投放量，得到处理该废水的最佳工况。同时，从实验现象中得出温度的变化是影响该废水处理效果的因素之一的结论。从热力学理论研究的角度出发，进一步论证了该结论。     

容量法分析的质量控制

对影响容量法分析质量的几个因素进行分析，提出了质量控制的几个关键要素。     

微型光电检测系统在环境监测中应用探讨

研发了1种可应用于环境监测的微尺度光电检测系统。该系统基于物质吸光理论，以发光二极管（LED）为光发射器件，以光电池为光接收器件．配以适当的检测电路，实现了对溶液锌离子浓度的检测。整个系统具有携带方便、光学元件少、测量精度较高、结构简单紧凑、体积小、成本低廉等优点。通过结构与参量优化设计的初步实验结果表明，微型光电检测系统可以实现溶液浓度的较精确测量，也可用于气体环境因素的检测。     

零价铁活化过硫酸钠去除废水中的砷(Ⅴ)

砷是目前人类发现毒性最强的物质之一,水体砷污染已成为一个亟待解决的全球性环境问题.利用零价铁(zero valent iron,ZVI)活化过硫酸钠(sodium persulfate,PS)产生的硫酸根自由基(SO-4·)对As(Ⅴ)溶液的去除能力远远大于PS或ZVI本身.通过控制PS和ZVI投加量、反应温度、初始pH值、As(Ⅴ)溶液初始浓度,研究各变量对As(Ⅴ)溶液的去除效果和动力学影响.通过X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)和环境扫描电镜(SEM)对反应前后的物质结构进行表征分析.结果表明,当As(Ⅴ)溶液浓度为20~100 mg·L~(-1),As(Ⅴ)溶液的去除率都大于98%,并且反应符合准二级动力学.PS能加速ZVI的腐蚀,进而促进As(Ⅴ)溶液的吸附以及与铁的氧化物/氢氧化物的沉淀和共沉淀,从而达到去除As(Ⅴ)溶液的目的.     

化学需氧量-重铬酸钾法结果出现偏差原因的探讨

水样的化学需氧量,可由于加入氧化剂的种类及浓度,反应溶液的酸度,反应温度和时间,以及催化剂的有无而获得不同的结果.因此,化学需氧量亦是一个条件性的指标,必须严格按操作步骤进行.     

油页岩灰渣浸取铝酸钠溶液试验研究

以油页岩废渣为原料,通过酸浸法浸取油页岩灰渣中的铝酸钠溶液.采用焙烧活化方法将废渣中含铝的低活性晶体物质活化为高活性半晶体或非晶体物质,利用酸浸法浸取焙烧后的高活性含铝废渣,得到铝液;依据试验分析了影响酸浸法浸取铝酸钠溶液的主要影响因紊为焐烧温度、焙烧时间、浸取酸浓度和浸取温度;得出酸浸法的最佳工艺参教:活化温度850℃,活化时间3 h,选用酸浓度40%,浸取温度60℃,此时油页岩废渣铝浸取率为75%.