几种化肥和农药对新农药硫肟醚光解的影响

硫肟醚是我国研制的具有自主知识产权的新型杀虫剂,在室内紫外光(λ=254 nm)照射下研究了几种化学肥料和杀虫剂对硫肟醚在水溶液中光解的影响.结果表明,硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钙、尿素、乐果、甲萘威和溴虫腈分别与硫肟醚以质量比1∶1混合后,硫肟醚的光解速率有不同程度的改变.硝酸钾使硫肟醚在水溶液中表现出明显的光敏化降解效应.磷酸二氢钙表现为较强的光猝灭降解作用.尿素对硫肟醚在水体中光解效应的影响随光照时间而异,开始(10 min)表现为弱的光猝灭效应,20 min后随时间延长而表现出光敏化作用,若继续延长光照时间到60 min后,则又呈现出光猝灭效应.甲萘威和溴虫腈使硫肟醚在水溶液中的光解速率下降,表现出明显的光猝灭降解效应.乐果对硫肟醚在水体中光解速率的影响因光照时间而异,先表现为弱的光敏化降解作用,光照时间延长到120 min时,乐果对硫肟醚在水体中的降解转为微弱的光猝灭效应.硫肟醚在含硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钙、尿素、乐果、甲萘威和溴虫腈水溶液中的光解半衰期分别为10.65 min、29.63 min、22.01 min、13.4 min、28.44 min和41.61 min,而在不含任何农药化肥的纯净水中的光解半衰期为22.3 min.     

基于连通法的甲烷简化机理构筑研究

采用连通法,针对甲烷复杂反应机理,成功地进行了不同水平的机理简化研究。通过建立组分依赖关系的正规化Jacobian矩阵,精确地查明了燃烧组分之间的耦合关系,分别构造出仅包含重要化学路径的两个动力学简化模型,获得的简化机理分别包含227和138个反应,分别涉及39和26种组分。通过对层流预混火焰结构的模拟,所得简化机理和原详细反应动力学机理关于火焰结构的计算吻合很好,计算结果显示,两个简化机理具有较高的模拟精度。     

Fenton试剂降解中年期垃圾渗滤液的条件及动力学研究

通过实验研究了Fenton体系中羟基自由基的生成规律,考察了H2O2浓度、FeSO4浓度、pH值3个因素对羟基自由基生成规律的影响,这3个因素对羟基自由基的生成均有较大的影响;采用“生成率”实验确定最佳操作条件,分析了Fenton试剂降解中年期垃圾渗滤液COD的动力学过程,将其分为2个近一级反应,反应速率常数分别为-538．5mg／（L·h）和-30．3mg／（L·h）。     

Sludge concentration dynamic distribution and its impact on the performance of UNITANK

UNITANK is a biological wastewater treatment process that combines the advantages of traditional activated sludge process and sequencing batch reactor, which is divided into Tank A, B and C. In this study, the sludge distribution and its impact on performance of UNITANK were carried out in Liede Wastewater Plant （WWTP） of Guangzhou, China. Results showed that there was a strong affiliation between Tank A and B of the system in sludge concentration distribution. The initial sludge concentration in Tank A could present the sludge distribution of the whole system. The sludge distribution was mainly influenced by hydraulic condition. Unsteady sludge distribution had an impact on variations of substrates in reactors, especially in decisive reactor, and this could lead to failure of system. Settler could partially remove substrates such as COD and NO3-N, but there was adventure of sludge deterioration. The rational initial sludge concentration in Tank A should be 4000-6000 mg/L MLSS.     

Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetic investigation of aromatic amphoteric compounds onto different polymeric adsorbents

The adsorption behavior of p-aminobenzoic acid and o-aminobenzoic acid onto the different polymeric adsorbents was systematically investigated as a function of the solution concentration and temperature.Experimental results indicated that the equilibrium adsorption data of the four polymeric adsorbents fitted well in the Freundlich isotherm.The adsorption capacity of multi-functional polymeric adsorbent NJ-99 was the highest,which might be attributed to the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the amino groups on the resin and the carboxyl group of aminobenzoic acid.The adsorption capacity of o-aminobenzoic acid onto any adsorbent was higher than p-aminobenzoic acid.Thermodynamic studies suggested the exothermic,spontaneous physical adsorption process.Adsorption kinetics results showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the intraparticle mass transfer process was the rate-controlling step.     

Thermodynamics and kinetics of cadmium adsorption onto oxidized granular activated carbon

Cadmium sorption behavior of granular activated carbon oxidized with nitric acid was systematically studied by sets of the equilibrium and time-based experiments under various conditions.The cadmium adsorption capacity of oxidized granular activated carbon enlarged with an increase in pH,and reduced with an increase in ionic strength.Experimental data were evaluated to find out kinetic characteristics.Adsorption processes were found to follow pseudo-second order rate equation.Adsorption isotherms correlate well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum sorption capacity of cadmium evaluated is 51.02μmol/g.Thermodynamic parameters were calculated based on Van't Hoff equation.Equilibrium constant Kd was evaluated from Freundlich isotherm model constants,Langmnir isotherm model constants,and isotherms,respectively.The average change of standard adsorption heatΔH~0 was -25.29 kJ/mol.NegativeΔH~0 andΔG~0 values indicate the adsorption process for cadmium onto the studied activated carbon is exothermic and spontaneous.The standard entropyΔS~0 was also negative,which suggests a decrease in the freedom of the system.     

聚氨酯泡沫材料阴燃发展过程的特性分析

分析对比了相同加热条件下的聚氨酯泡沫材料在有氧和无氧气氛下的升温过程,并对不同加热条件下的聚氨酯泡沫材料的阴燃传播速度进行研究.结果表明:沿着反应进行的方向,分离点的温度越来越低,不同热流条件下的温度分离曲线斜率在实验稳定发展段的变化规律表现得很相似,并在分离点出现后,有氧气氛中的该位置温度在短时间内急剧上升;在阴燃不稳定传播阶段时,热解前锋的速度小于氧化前锋的速度,在稳定传播阶段时,热解前锋速度与氧化前锋速度近乎相等.     

真空条件下高分辩质谱对不同煤质热解释放CO2分析

煤的热解机理和热解物质的形成与释放特征是煤田火灾研究领域的重要基础问题.本文以淮北不同煤种(烟煤,无烟煤,天然焦)为研究对象,在高真空条件下对样品进行热解,利用分子泵即时将热解气体产物抽入高分辨质谱检测器,在线分析热解过程中CO2的释放规律.研究结果表明:天然焦热解过程中产生的CO2,主要是样品和体系中残留以及吸附在煤微孔隙中O2分子反应生成;烟煤和无烟煤热解产生的CO2,主要是其内部含氧官能团在受热过程中分解形成,为不同煤种自燃发火防治提供资料.     

不同土体类型工程堆积体坡面径流侵蚀动力差异

我国不同土壤类型区工程堆积体重构土体差异显著,然而不同土体类型工程堆积体坡面的径流侵蚀动力差异尚不明确。通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究了风沙土（ST）、红土（HT）和塿土（LT）含砾石堆积体在不同降雨强度条件下的坡面水动力学参数和侵蚀动力机制。结果表明：风沙土堆积体坡面水动力学参数均大于红土和塿土堆积体,更易发生侵蚀。径流功率、单位径流功率和过水断面单位能是与风沙土、红土和塿土堆积体坡面产沙率关系最密切的水动力学指标;各水动力参数对应的土壤可蚀性参数表现为风沙土堆积体坡面最大,红土坡面次之,塿土坡面最小。该研究可为我国工程堆积体土壤侵蚀预报模型构建提供参考。     

热解含油污泥制备吸附材料浅析

介绍了含油污泥热解技术及热解实验方法,提出热解产生的残渣进行适当处理可成为具有吸附性的材料。进行了含油污泥热解正交实验,得出影响最大的因素分别是热解温度、热解时间、升温速率,并得出最佳的热解温度、热解时间、升温速率等。分析了含油污泥热解的机理,探讨了热解含油污泥制备吸附材料的活化改性,并在此基础上对所制备吸附材料的脱硫性和除油性进行了研究。