汽油加生物添加剂对发动机废气排放的影响研究

通过发动机的台架试验,系统研究了将一种热带植物提取物作为添加剂加入到不同成分的汽油中对汽油机废气排放特性的影响．结果表明：对于93^#高清洁汽油和93^#成分汽油,除了未燃碳氢(HC)略有上升外,其他排放物如氮氧化物NOx、一氧化碳等有所减少,CO2排放有明显的改善．对于乙醇汽油,则HC和CO2略有上升．     

Influence of driving cycles on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of gasoline passenger car in Bangkok

The influence of different driving cycles on their exhaust emissions and fuel consumption rate of gasoline passenger car was investigated in Bangkok based on the actual measurements obtained from a test vehicle driving on a standard chassis dynamometer. A newly established Bangkok driving cycle (BDC) and the European driving cycle (EDC) which is presently adopted as the legislative cycle for testing automobiles registered in Thailand were used. The newly developed BDC is constructed using the driving characteristic data obtained from the real on-road driving tests along selected traffic routes. A method for selecting appropriate road routes for real driving tests is also introduced. Variations of keyed driving parameters of BDC with different driving cycles were discussed. The results showed that the HC and CO emission factors of BDC are almost two and four times greater than those of EDC, respectively. Although the difference in the NOx emission factor is small, the value from BDC is still greater than that of EDC by 10%. Under BDC, the test vehicle consumes fuel about 25% more than it does under EDC. All these differences are mainly attributed to the greater proportion of idle periods and higher fluctuations of vehicle speed in the BDC cycle. This result indicated that the exhausted emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles obtained from tests under the legislative modal-type driving cycle (EDC) are significantly different from those actually produced under real traffic conditions especially during peak periods.     

乙醇汽油与普通汽油的环保性比较

通过对6个采用了乙醇汽油的地区使用前后空气数据的基础对比,并辅以乙醇汽油与普通汽油的优缺点及使用环境区别比较,分析了采用乙醇汽油的优点及一些局限性.从乙醇汽油试点城市中,选取黑龙江、辽宁、山东、湖北、河南、广西6省市调研,采集了其某一周期空气数据进行对比分析.用取得数据和上年同期对比,发现使用乙醇汽油的城市,其机动车有害尾气排放量有所降低,从而一定程度上提升了空气质量;结果显示乙醇汽油在缓解能源压力和环保方面,较普通汽油相比均有着优势.     

利用IVE模型建立成都市轻型汽油客车排放清单

城市机动车污染物排放清单的建立是控制机动车污染的关键.本研究以2012年为基准年,通过对成都市轻型汽油客车技术水平分布、活动水平和保有量等数据的调查,将IVE模型本地化,计算了成都市2012年轻型汽油客车VOCs、PM、NOx、CO的排放清单,并分析了清单的不确定性.结果表明:成都市2012年轻型汽油客车排放的VOCs、PM、NOx和CO分别为2.23×104t、1.6×102t、1.26×104t和2.03×105t;轻型汽油客车中黄标车VOCs、PM、NOx、CO的排放量分别占排放总量的27.5%、18.1%、37.2%和42.5%,表明黄标车是轻型汽油客车污染物排放的主要来源;排放清单的不确定性主要来自于排放因子,VOCs、PM、NOx和CO清单的不确定性分别为-31.67%~32.35%、-54.75%~55.09%、-6.56%~6.76%和-12.22%~12.51%.     

含弱约束端面直角管道汽油蒸气爆炸及七氟丙烷抑爆研究

为研究七氟丙烷对汽油蒸气爆炸抑制作用,搭建含弱约束端面直角管道汽油蒸气爆炸抑制实验系统,开展汽油蒸气爆炸实验研究,并与喷入七氟丙烷抑爆介质进行对比,分析爆炸超压值、火焰强度值和火焰传播速度等爆炸特性参数变化情况.结果表明:在1.3％,1.5％和1.7％汽油蒸气体积分数下,不加抑爆介质时,爆炸超压值、火焰强度和火焰传播速...     

Impacts of converting from leaded to unleaded gasoline on ambient lead concentrations in Jakarta metropolitan area

Total suspended particulate mater （TSP） concentrations were monitored for one year from July 2000 and for one year from April 2003 in Jakarta City. Thirteen elemental TSP components, aluminum （Al）, sodium （Na）, iron （Fe）, lead （Pb）, potassium （K）, zinc （Zn）, titanium （Ti）, manganese （Mn）, bromine （Br）, copper （Cu）, chromium （Cr）, nickel （Ni）, and vanadium （V） were analyzed by a sequential X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Al, Na, Fe, K, and Pb were major components at most of the sampling locations in 2000. However, only Pb in 2003 dramatically decreased to one tenth. The phase-out of leaded gasoline began on July 1, 2001 in Jakarta City and lead content in gasoline decreased to one tenth, too. The decrease in Pb concentration was a result of the phase-out of leaded gasoline, as lead emissions mainly are exhaust gas from vehicles.     

浅论废塑料生产汽油,柴油的小型设备及工艺

考察了废旧塑料生产汽油柴油的工厂及生产情况，结合几年的试验开发，设计了一套以中小城市废弃塑料为原料，采用溶剂预热熔化，管式炉加热，自动循环排渣裂解炉，采用自制高效催化剂，生产汽油，柴油新工艺，生产线造价１６．５万元／套，年处理１５０ｔdisplay structure     

叉车燃油箱的性能要求及维护

叉车燃油箱是用薄钢板冲压件焊接，油箱上部装用汽油表传感器、供油开关和加油管。油箱底装有放油螺塞，以排出积水和污物，箱内装有隔板，使油箱加固，在行驶中可减缓汽油的激烈振荡。     

聚乙烯塑料类固体废弃物热裂化研究

在反应温度455-495℃,氢气压力0.1～4.0MPa和反应时间2～12h的范围内,就聚乙烯塑料类固体废弃物热裂化时温度、压力和反应时间的影响以及不同反应条件下产物的碳数分布、馏程变化进行了探讨,得出适合于生产柴油馏分的反应条件是温度475℃,常压或低压,反应时间4h等。