二氧化钛纳米微粒的制备及对染料甲基紫的降解

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米级二氧化钛微粒。通过二氧化钛的XRD衍射分析的实验结果,利用X射线线宽法计算二氧化钛微粒的平均粒径为22nm。以甲基紫溶液做光催化降解实验,考察各种因素对光催化降解效果的影响。结果表明：在30W紫外灯照射下,甲基紫起始浓度10mg/L,催化剂用量1．0g／L,pH为3．0,100min即可降解92％。     

美国道化学公司危险指数法分析环氧乙烷生产的风险

运用美国道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数法对环氧乙烷生产工艺过程进行风险评价,提出了改善安全生产环境的具体措施。     

镍钛交联改性蛭石对染料废水的吸附性能研究

蛭石具有良好的吸附性、离子交换性能,在废水处理中有广泛的应用前景。本文用硫酸镍和四氯化钛作为交联剂,制备无机镍钛交联蛭石和有机镍钛交联蛭石(分别记为:In-Ni-Ti-VMT、Or-Ni-Ti-VMT),并对亚甲基蓝废水进行静态吸附实验。实验结果表明:在最佳条件下,采用In-Ni-Ti-VMT、Or-Ni-Ti-VMT对亚甲基蓝废水进行吸附,此工艺流程简单,性能稳定,处理效果较好,是一种行之有效的处理方法。经再生处理的蛭石对亚甲基蓝仍有较好的吸附效果,可以循环利用。     

AM-DAC-DMDAAC共聚物制备及其絮凝性能研究

采用光辅助引发技术,通过水溶液聚合法制备阳离子型丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)共聚物P(AM-DAC-DMDAAC)。考察了两种阳离子单体配比、引发温度、溶液pH值、引发剂质量分数等因素对产物特性黏数及溶解性的影响,并对产物的絮凝性能进行了研究。结果表明,在m(DAC)∶m(DMDAAC)=1∶1、引发温度为15℃、pH=5、引发剂质量分数为0.003 0%时,所得聚合物的特性黏数达16.047 9 d L/g,溶解时间为40 min。在P(AM-DAC-DMDAAC)特性粘数12.110 2d L/g,用量为0.04%的条件下,污水的透光率96.00%,絮凝率76.04%,脱水率83.75%。     

臭氧法降解水中对甲基苯磺酸的动力学研究

采用臭氧法降解对甲基苯磺酸废水,研究了对甲基苯磺酸降解的影响因素和动力学.考察了反应液初始浓度、初始pH值、臭氧投量、反应温度、常见无机离子等因素对臭氧氧化降解对甲基苯磺酸反应速率的影响.结果表明,对甲基苯磺酸初始浓度0.29mmol.L-1,pH9.0,臭氧投量3.75×10-6mol.s-1,控制温度25℃,反应6...     

掺硼铁氧化物在紫外-可见光下的催化性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备不同掺硼量的针铁矿和赤铁矿催化剂,并用X射线衍射图谱（XRD）、比表面积（BET法）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）及电荷零点（盐滴定法）对催化剂进行表征.结果表明：硼掺杂能改变催化剂的晶体结构,增大其比表面积和Lewis表面酸度,并能提高催化剂的紫外-可见光活性.在紫外光下,掺硼质量分数2%的赤铁矿对...     

Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

Destruction of methylphosphonic acid in a supercritical water oxidation bench-scale double wall reactor

The destruction of methylphosphonic acid (MPA), a final product by hydrolysis/neutralization of organophosphorus agents such as sarin and VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothionate), was investigated in a a bench-scale, continuous concentric vertical double wall reactor under supercritical water oxidation condition. The experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 450–600°C and a fixed pressure of 25 MPa. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidant. The destruction e ciency (DE) was monitored by analyzing total organic carbon (TOC) and MPA concentrations using ion chromatography on the liquid e uent samples. The results showed that the DE of MPA up to 99.999% was achieved at a reaction temperature of 600°C, oxygen concentration of 113% storichiometric requirement, and reactor residence time of 8 sec. On the basis of the data derived from experiments, a global kinetic rate equation for the DE of MPA and DE of TOC were developed by nonlinear regression analysis. The model predictions agreed well with the experimental data.     

活性炭/高分子复合水凝胶对水中亚甲基蓝和Cu(Ⅱ)的去除性能

采用活性炭/海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶(CAP)为吸附剂,以水溶液中的亚甲基蓝(MB)和Cu~(2+)为目标污染物,考察了固液比、p H、温度、反应时间、MB和Cu~(2+)的初始浓度等因素对吸附过程的影响.通过SEM、FTIR、BET等手段对CAP物化性质进行了表征.结果表明,CAP内部呈现互穿的三维网络多孔结构,成功复合了活性炭,具有丰富的—COOH和—OH官能团,比表面积可达112.7 m~2·g~(-1).CAP对MB和Cu~(2+)的吸附量随着固液比、温度的增大而降低,随着溶液初始p H的升高而增大;吸附属于Langmuir单层吸附,对MB和Cu~(2+)的最大吸附量分别为1 940.75 mg·g~(-1)和190.48 mg·g~(-1);反应时间在5 h内吸附量可达最大吸附量的90%,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程;活性炭/高分子复合水凝胶经过5次吸附-脱附循环再生后,仍能保持优异的吸附性能.     

秸秆及磁性秸秆吸附剂对废水中亚甲基蓝的去除行为及机理

以水稻秸秆(RS)为对象,通过化学沉淀法负载Fe_3O_4以制备秸秆负铁(RS-Fe)复合材料.同时,采用MBET、SEM、FTIR、XRD、XPS、VSM技术对RS、RS-Fe进行表征,研究了秸秆及复合材料对溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除效果,考察了固液比、溶液初始pH值对亚甲基蓝吸附效果的影响,并结合吸附动力学、吸附等温线、仪器表征及官能团封闭实验探究其作用机理.结果表明,吸附剂投加量为4.0 g·L~(-1)较合适;pH在3.0～11.0内,RS对MB去除率均在90%以上,碱性条件下有利于亚甲基蓝的高效去除.RS和RS-Fe对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型.RS对亚甲基蓝的去除符合Langmuir模型,而RS-Fe对亚甲基蓝的去除更适合用Freundlich模型描述.FTIR、XPS和官能团封闭实验分析表明,秸秆表面官能团能在亚甲基蓝吸附过程中发挥重要作用,其中,羧基和氨基更为重要.秸秆对亚甲基蓝的吸附机理包括静电作用、氢键和π-π作用.Fe_3O_4的引入减少了秸秆官能团数量,降低了对亚甲基蓝的吸附量,但能实现快速固液分离.因此,RS具有作为亚甲基蓝染料废水吸附剂的潜力.负铁RS有利于提升固液分离效果.