Characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterium Bacillus sp. from a membrane bioreactor for saline wastewater treatment

High salt concentrations can cause plasmolysis and loss of activity of cells, but the salt-torlerant bacterium can endure the high salt concentrations in wastewater. In this research 7 salt-torlerant bacteria, which could survive in dry powder products and could degrade organic contaminants in saline wastewater, were isolated from a membrane bioreactor. The strain NY6 which showed the fastest growth rate, best property for organic matter degradation and could survive in dry powder more than 3 months was selected and characterized. It was classified as Bacillus aerius based on the analysis of the morphological and physiological properties as well as the 16 S rRNA sequence and Neigh borjoining tree. The strain NY6 could survive in the salinity up to 6% and the optimal growth salinity is2%; it belongs to a slightly halophilic bacterium. The capability of its dry powder products for COD removal was 800 mg COD/(g·day) in synthesized saline wastewater with salinity of 2%. According to salt-tolerant mechanism research, when the salinity was below 2%, the stain NY6 absorbed K+and Na+to maintain osmotic equilibrium, and when the salinity was above 2%, the NY6 kept its life by producing a large amount of spores.     

Performance and microbial diversity of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor for high sulfate and nitrate waste brine treatment

The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ion- exchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency （80%-90%） was achieved at the influent sulfate concentration of 3600 mg/L and 3% NaC1 after 145 days in an expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor. Furthermore, the feasibility of treating synthetic waste brine containing high levels of sulfate and nitrate was investigated in a single EGSB reactor during an operation period of 261 days. The highest nitrate and sulfate loading rate reached 6.38 and 5.78 kg/（m3-day） at SO42--S/NO3-N mass ratio of 4/3, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 99.97% and 82.26% at 3% NaC1, respectively. Meanwhile, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of the sludge on the 240th day for stable operation of phase X. Results showed that a total of 9194 sequences were obtained, which could be affiliated to 14 phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and so on. Proteobacteria （77.66%） was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes （12.23%） and Chlorobi （2.71%）.     

骆马湖泥-水界面磷铁硫原位同步变化特征

利用薄膜梯度扩散（DGT）原位采样装置获取了骆马湖全湖8个典型湖区泥-水界面（SWI）活性磷（P）、铁（Fe）、硫（S）垂向分布信息，据此定量估算三者交换通量.结果表明，骆马湖沉积物剖面P、Fe、S浓度范围分别为0~2.05，0~11.10和0.01~0.63mg/L，并在微小尺度呈高度空间异质性.在水平方向上活性P、Fe主要表现为西北湖区高于东南湖区，而活性S则未表现出明显的分布规律；就垂直剖面而言，活性P、Fe、S自界面向下呈升高趋势，并在60mm深度内出现峰值，且活性P和Fe剖面呈明显的同步变化特征；活性P、Fe在多数点位具有显著的正相关性（r>0.65，P<0.01），且各采样点沉积物中的总铁与总磷比值[w（∑Fe）/w（∑P）]均高于15，这表明Fe的地球化学循环过程对于骆马湖内源磷释放起重要控制作用；8个采样点样品中活性P、Fe、S交换通量分别为0.066~0.698，1.671~5.592和0.007~0.071mg/（m²·d），表明P、Fe、S由沉积物向水体释放.西北湖区表现出较高的P通量和活性P浓度，这可能会增加南水北调过程中水质污染的风险，应予以重视.以上结果支持了P、Fe耦合释放机制，明确了骆马湖SWI的活性P、Fe、S迁移特征.     

利用嗜盐菌去除煤制气废水中有机污染物研究

文章分析了比较耐渗透嗜盐混合菌群、菌株TG-4和TG-20预处理煤制气废水的效果,并对其胞内相容性溶质瞬时释放量进行测定。结果表明:经16S rDNA序列分析,菌株TG-4和TG-20分别鉴定为Pseudomonas stutzeri和Halorubrum litoreum。耐渗透嗜盐混合菌群、菌株TG-4和TG-20对煤制气废水均具有良好的预处理效果,经预处理后,煤制气废水的COD去除率达到86%～90%,COD值为2 013～3 202 mg/L,挥发酚去除率达到64%～78%,挥发酚值为94～156 mg/L,基本能够达到生化处理阶段运行负荷的要求。比较分析三者低渗条件相容性溶质释放量和废水处理效果,结果表明嗜盐微生物高效絮凝煤制气废水与胞内相容性溶质快速释放具有相关性。     

化学水处理工艺设计浅析

化学水处理装置分为除盐水系统、透平冷凝液处理系统和工艺冷凝液处理系统三个单元。除盐水系统是将经过净水厂处理的原水进行除盐后作为补充水,冷凝液处理用于处理全厂装置的透平冷凝液及工艺冷凝液,处理后作为除盐水使用,除盐水经过除盐水泵加压后送到全场各除盐水用水单元。该套化学水处理装置综合考虑了原水的水质、水量特征,选用针对性较强、工艺技术先进、经济安全的处理工艺,做到处理系统简洁、处理效果好,出水稳定达标。     

热盐腐蚀环境对TC11钛合金高温寿命影响规律试验研究

目的 针对发动机钛合金部件在热盐环境与工作载荷下的寿命衰减问题，开展TC11钛合金热盐腐蚀疲劳与应力腐蚀试验，研究腐蚀环境下TC11的高温寿命衰减规律与失效机理。方法 利用喷盐法制备TC11钛合金试验件，研究不同温度与应力水平对TC11腐蚀疲劳以及应力腐蚀的影响规律。利用SEM等观测手段，开展腐蚀疲劳以及应力腐蚀试样断口与表面的形貌分析，分析腐蚀环境下的失效机理。结果 热盐腐蚀环境导致TC11的寿命显著降低，对比450 ℃下无腐蚀寿命，腐蚀疲劳寿命下降了2个数量级，应力腐蚀寿命下降到不足1%，且分散性较大。观察腐蚀疲劳和应力腐蚀的试样可以发现，表面有明显的腐蚀坑，腐蚀坑底发现裂纹。结论 热盐环境下，TC11腐蚀疲劳寿命和应力腐蚀寿命都会明显下降。由于腐蚀导致钛合金试样表面产生许多腐蚀坑，在腐蚀坑局部形成近似缺口，缺口部位的应力集中是导致腐蚀疲劳寿命衰减的重要因素。腐蚀疲劳的寿命低于Kt=1的无腐蚀疲劳寿命，但是要大于Kt=3的无腐蚀疲劳寿命。     

盐雾试验中应值得注意的几个问题

作者在上海地区的几个盐雾试验网点中发现盐雾试验中的几个问题,均未严格地按照盐雾试验标准及设备的操作规程,特提出一些看法,以供商榷。 开展盐雾试验在我国已有数十年的历史,国内也生产了几种型号的盐雾试验箱,连同日本、德国进口的设备,在上海地区已有数10个单位可以进行盐雾试验。我国的盐雾试验标准GB2423.17Kc基本上与国际标准ISO3768(NSS)一致。国标对盐雾试验的几个     

天山北麓绿洲边缘盐碱荒地的生态环境和改良作用

盐碱荒地的生态环境极其脆弱，其核心问题是盐害。论述了，通过“干排盐”方式对盐碱荒地进行改良。该技术资金投入少，盐份淋溶效率高，积盐埂有很好的积盐效果，且能在当年收获一定产量的牧草。推广此项改良技术，可在有限资金条件下利用盐碱荒地，建立饲草基地、改善生态环境。     

大型拼装结构盐雾温度两用试验室——介绍YW116盐雾温度试验室

全面介绍了ＹＷ１１６盐雾温度试验室的结构、原理和技术性能，总结了参与该项目研制的经验和体会，阐明了一些建造该试验室的技术关键。